In neurosurgery today actively introduced endoscopic treatment, including minor surgery. Compared to traditional neurosurgery and minimally invasive endoscopic surgery have fewer complications. The process of recovery from them is much faster.

Endoscopic surgery in the spinal cord

The most common endoscopic surgery in the spinal cord is the removal of herniated discs. Intervertebral discs - a shock-absorbing pads Feminine pads - talk about wings   between the individual vertebrae. The disc consists of dense connective tissue and an elastic core between. When metabolic disorders or spinal injuries nucleus of the disc is destroyed and the disc is out of the spine - this is a hernia of intervertebral disks.

Endoscopic surgery occasion with small hernias. During endoscopic surgery disk partially or completely removed through a small opening in the skin in the area of ​​the spinal column. In some cases, surgery Policy Pay with special decompressor, wherein the disc is sucked through the small bore (puncture) on the skin.

Endoscopic method can remove small tumors in the spinal cord, disconnect spikes Adhesions - how to get rid of them? It formed after the severe inflammation and produce some other small operations.

In the brain

In neurosurgery are currently used endoscopic surgery after traumatic brain injury, which led to the accumulation of blood (hematoma) in the area of ​​the brain. These hematomas may put pressure on the brain and the development of the serious condition of the patient, so they are removed. Traditional brain surgery with extensive craniotomy causes additional injury (and sometimes disability) patients, whereas endoscopic can greatly facilitate his health. Remove endoscopic method can be even very large hematoma volume to 200 ml. In the same way it is possible to remove some of the cyst and brain tumors Brain tumor - surgery inevitable . With the help of an endoscope can see and save the very small blood vessels and nerves that can be damaged by conventional neurosurgery.

Modern endoscopic equipment allows you to remove fluid from the ventricles of the brain of children with hydrocephalus. This is called ventrikuloskopiey, it may be implemented as a diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Endoscopes, which are used in neurosurgery

To perform endoscopic procedures in neurosurgery commonly used endoscopes tsifrvye known companies (such as the Japanese company Olympus). Unfortunately, the special neurosurgical apparatus and instruments not issued, so the neurosurgeons have to select the devices that are most appropriate for their operations on the main characteristics. For endoscopic operations in neurosurgery suitable flexible endoscopes with a diameter of the tube to 0, 5 cm and a length of 30 cm - holedohoskopy (they are intended for endoscopic operations on the biliary tract) and nazofaringoskopy (for endoscopic surgery in the nose and throat) from Olympus.

Many neurosurgical operations today are made with the help of an operating microscope, ie microsurgical technique. Sometimes, in addition to this method applied endoscopic techniques, as through a microscope is not possible, for example, view the wall of a tumor or a cyst, which can be associated with other brain structures using adhesions and blood vessels. If you remove a large tumor in parts, the risk of complications and injuries associated with it structures is greatly reduced. This is especially true for large benign tumors of the brain, which can occur unnoticed until until start pressure on the brain tissue.

The advantages of endoscopic techniques in neurosurgery

The advantage of endoscopic techniques is their relatively minor trauma, as well as the fact that endoscopic equipment allows the neurosurgeon easier to navigate in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord - the movable end of the endoscopic tube provides sufficient breadth of view and allows you to bring the necessary surgery tools directly to the desired area of ​​the central nervous system, while not hurting other parts of the brain. The benefits can be attributed to the operation under the constant supervision of - the progress of the operation is visible on the monitor.

Endoscopy neyrhirurgii just beginning to develop, but it has a great future.

Galina Romanenko

Little-known triggers of headaches

Dull, pressing pain in the forehead can be caused not only by chronic stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis , Colds or other illnesses. Sometimes headaches result innocuous at first glance things.

Relaxation after stress

Sometimes a person from Monday to Friday, working ten hours a day and feels great, and on Saturday wakes up with a terrible headache. Why is that? The voltage at which a person lives all week, falls, stress hormone levels decline rapidly, and this leads to a sharp release of neurotransmitters could cause the blood vessels begin to narrow, and then - to expand, leading to headaches.

If you often suffer from headaches after a hard working week, try to get rid of such habits as "sleep off" weekend. In fact, to compensate for lack of sleep on weekdays as impossible as for the future, and sleep; You can only sleep, and this is enough for most people seven or eight hours of sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams . He who sleeps much longer, often wakes up with a splitting head. In addition, during the week regularly engaged in that helps you relax: yoga, meditation, embroidery - at your discretion. So you can avoid over-voltage, and output will be held without the headaches.

Anger

When a person gets angry, the muscles of the neck and head strain, which is why it may seem that he pulls his head wide ribbon. This - the first sign of beginning tenzionnyh headaches Headache: Causes and Complications . If you feel that you start to get angry, try to breathe deeply and slowly. Inhale through your nose and exhale through your mouth - it helps to relax the muscles and helps to prevent headaches. If you often have bouts of anger that you find it difficult to monitor, read the recommendations for the control of anger, or contact the person.

Poor posture

Poor posture leads to excessive tension in the muscles of the upper back, neck and shoulders, which is also often causes headaches; typically it appears in the base of the skull, and then stir in the forehead. Obviously, to get rid of such pain, it is necessary to work on posture Posture - a few helpful tips for those who want to walk straight   - Keep your back straight without straining your shoulders at the same time, strengthen the back muscles, and if you have a sedentary job, make sure that the chair was the most convenient. When serious problems with posture is better to consult with the family doctor.

Scents

If you think that housework makes you a headache, it is possible that you are right. Household chemicals, and a variety of air fresheners and perfumes often lead to headaches. If you are very sensitive to strong smells, try to avoid any cosmetics, perfumes, detergents, fabric softeners and detergents with very distinct flavors.

Weather

Some people have headaches in the forehead begins at the low atmospheric pressure, approaching storms, others - at a very high temperature and / or humidity. It is believed that the weather changes cause certain chemical reactions in the brain which lead to stimulation of the nerves and, consequently, to the headache. Of course, change the weather man can not afford, but you can regularly watch the weather forecast and time to take analgesics to prevent headache.

Bruxism

Bruxism, or teeth grinding can cause headaches due to prolonged muscle tension in the jaw. If you suffer from bruxism, your dentist can order a special mouthpiece, which during sleep prevents friction of the upper teeth on the bottom.

Bright light

Bright light, especially if it is flashing and can cause an attack of severe headache. The impact of the world leads to the production of certain chemicals in the brain that cause pain. To avoid such pain, in sunny weather it is necessary to wear sunglasses, as well as get rid of fluorescent lamps (they are known, often blink, so it is better, if possible, be avoided at all). Adjust the brightness of the screen to work and home computers - it should not be too low, and comfortable for you.

Meal

Often headaches cause such foods as cheese, turkey, dark chocolate, carbonated beverages. Every person, who often suffer from headaches, you should pay attention to your diet - to identify their triggers and avoid them in the future.

Sex

There are many anecdotes about how women use a headache as a reason for refusing to perform marital duties. However, for many people - both women and men - the real problem is a headache that occurs during or after sex. Doctors believe that the cause of such pain is the tension builds up in the muscles of the neck and head during intercourse. The most common headache appears immediately after orgasm, less frequently - during foreplay or for a few moments before orgasm. It may last from a few minutes to one hour, in rare cases - up to several hours. People suffering from such headaches, it is recommended an hour before sex to take these or other analgesics.

Ice-cream

Do you have a pain in the forehead or temples, once you start eating ice cream? You're not alone - this problem affects hundreds of thousands of people. A similar effect can have a drink and ice. Fortunately, typically headache, caused by the influence of low temperature on the palate and throat, held for a few minutes or even seconds, so no special treatment, nor the rejection of cold delicacy is required.