Stroke and its types

Stroke - an acute violation of cerebral circulation. Strokes can be ischemic or hemorrhagic.

Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood vessel bursts in the brain and the blood outlet into the brain. This is the most dangerous type of stroke.

Ischemic stroke occurs due to narrowing of blood vessels that supply a certain area of ​​the brain, resulting in tissue death occurs region of the brain. Ischemic strokes are thrombotic, when the vessel lumen and closing the thrombus netromboticheskimi arising from the sudden contraction (spasm) of the vessel.

In Russia, the annual event more than 300,000 strokes a year mortality is 30% within one month from the date of the disease, and 45% - by the end of the year. About a quarter of stroke patients remain disabled, returned to normal life is not more than 12%.

The first signs of stroke

Such signs may be different, it all depends on the location and extent of brain damage. If the stroke occurred in the left half of the brain, its attributes appear on the right side of the body, and vice versa.

Immediately call an ambulance if the patient suddenly appeared in such features:

• loss of feeling (numbness) in any part of the body;
• blurred vision in one or both eyes, double vision;
• difficulty speaking or understanding it;
• loss of coordination, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet ;
• very bad headache;
• loss of consciousness, and possibly seizures.

Ischemic stroke - cerebral infarction

Ischemic stroke - the most common type of stroke, he meets 4/5 of all patients, most often in middle-aged and elderly. Ischemic stroke can occur at any time, but most of 'his' time - in the morning or at night. Sometimes it happens after emotional or physical stress, alcohol consumption, taking a hot bath, etc.

Symptoms such stroke grow slowly for 2-3 days, with rarely any symptoms of brain lesions in general, typically show signs of destruction of a part of the brain, and depending on which zone there is located, and the symptoms manifest. This may be blurred vision, hearing, certain movements etc.

  Hemorrhagic stroke - bleeding in the brain

A hemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischemic, often in 1/5 patients, but takes it harder and often occurs at a young age. Developing hemorrhagic stroke often with hypertension Hypertensive heart disease - the prognosis is poor   (typically after emotional stress).

The symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke: there is, or is significantly enhanced headache, often on one side of the head, then the patient loses consciousness, fever, red face, breathing becomes hoarse, often repeated vomiting and seizures. When a patient regains consciousness, then his limbs are paralyzed. If the paralysis of the right side, he is accompanied by speech disorders if left - severe mental disorders: a person does not recognize loved ones.

Stroke care

Treatment of ischemic stroke is to restore normal blood flow in the affected area, for that appointed vasodilators, reducing blood clotting, resolve blood clots and restores blood circulation drugs. To remove from the blood of all the poisons and toxins, a variety of treatments for blood purification: hemosorbtion, plasmapheresis, ultraviolet and laser irradiation of blood. If such a way to cope with stroke fails, surgical treatment: removal of a blood clot from a blood vessel or restore blood flow to bypass the affected blood vessel (anastomosis).

In the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke, the main task is to strengthen the vascular wall and preventing the destruction of the formed thrombus, which is to close the rupture of the vessel. To do this, use drugs, reducing blood circulation, lowers blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing? , Dilates blood vessels. To prevent edema Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   brain appointed diuretics. But often in hemorrhagic stroke conservative treatments do not help, then surgical treatment.

The first (pre-medical) care for stroke

If the patient is unconscious, it is necessary to turn to the side, to unbutton his shirt, put something under his head and lay between the teeth several times a folded napkin and wipe the foam from your mouth, so she did not get into the respiratory tract.

Do not use ammonia (can cause respiratory arrest), to transfer the patient.

If a person is not detectable pulse, cardiac arrest and stopped breathing, you should immediately carry out chest compressions and artificial respiration "mouth to mouth" (five taps on the base of the palm area of ​​the sternum - one breath).

Who suffers from migraine

Migraine usually occurs between the ages of 10 to 30 years, with sick people say that as a child they often have cramping abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms   and vomiting. Such people are also prone to motion sickness. Women often have migraine attacks before menstruation.

Why migraine headache

During aura (a forerunner of attack) for a short time, there is a sharp narrowing of the blood vessels of the brain, and when phase starts headache, blood vessels of the brain dramatically expanded. This occurs due to the fact that in the beginning of an attack in the blood increases serotonin (a substance interacts between cells) which promotes vasoconstriction. But serotonin quickly dries and there comes a sharp expansion of blood vessels of the brain and increased sensitivity to pain.

The forms of migraine

Adrift migraine is divided into classical (ophthalmic), a simple, associated migraine lower half of the face (facial), migraine and complicated migraine status. The forms of migraine can vary over a lifetime. For migraines, which began in childhood as simple in the future may acquire characteristics of an ophthalmic or associate.

Classical (ophthalmic) migraine

This form of migraine characterized by the appearance of the 10-20 minutes before the headache attack the so-called aura - the grid before the eyes, blurred vision or distortion items. Then there is a one-sided throbbing headache, growing for 1-1 5 hours, after which the pain is reduced and usually disappears completely after 6 hours, but sometimes it takes longer. If visual disturbances occur in one half, then the headache - in the opposite half, at least - in the same. Against the background of a headache sometimes vomiting, light and phonophobia, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper .

Common migraine

Common migraine is characterized by the absence of aura or aura in the form of uncharacteristic mood changes (agitation or, on the contrary, depression, anxiety, etc..). Headache thus continues longer than with a classical migraine, he can begin at any time, even at night during sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams . At the beginning of the attack pain is usually localized in the fronto-temporal-orbital area, often on one side, but sometimes it happens and bilateral pain. The pain is throbbing, arching, its intensity increases over 2-5 hours and slowly extends the entire half of the head. The pain is worse in the bright light, loud noises, strong smells, motion and low position of the head. In some patients, visible to the eye throbbing swollen temporal artery if it strongly squeeze, the pain decreases. The attack lasts about 8-12 hours, sometimes - 1-2 days.

Associated Migraine

This form is characterized by migraine aura with transient neurological symptoms, which, unlike the classic migraine and moving into a phase of a headache, and even remain after the headache will pass. In severe attacks of a migraine developing movement disorders in the hands and feet, sometimes - convulsive seizures, and even loss of consciousness.

Front migraine

Front migraine or migraine lower half of the face appears one-sided pain in the lower half of the face (nose, palate, cheek, ear). Often nausea and vomiting. Throbbing pain can spread to the eye socket and temple area. Duration of seizure - from several hours to 1-3 days.

Migraine status

Migraine status - is a series of consecutive migraine attacks. They may continue for several days and be accompanied by persistent vomiting, which can lead to dehydration. All the signs are growing steadily. Total serious condition accompanied by general weakness, sometimes - dizziness.

Complicated migraine

Migraine is called complicated when after the attack are those or other neurological symptoms that are either completely disappear in a few weeks or months, or saved. It may be visual disturbances, motor and sensory disorders and even symptoms of brain damage.

What can cause a migraine attack?

In many patients, the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks depend on the stress. This attack does not begin at a height of stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis And after him, in a state of relaxation. Violation of the usual rhythm of sleep also can provoke a migraine attack. Often the severity of migraine affected by the change of weather. The attack may be caused by some foods, such as cheese or sausage, which contain a substance (tyramine) that can be a trigger (trigger) headache.

On this basis, we can conclude that the rational order of the day with a change of work and rest, regular meals, with the exception of stress is the prevention of migraine attacks.