Symptoms of sinusitis in adults: how to diagnose the disease

Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the maxillary sinus occurs in both adults and children. All signs of sinusitis in adults can be divided into local and shared. Their severity depends on the nature of the disease and its forms.

Local symptoms of sinusitis

Nasal discharge - one of the main symptoms of sinusitis. In acute sinusitis Acute sinusitis - occurs as the inflammatory process   at the beginning of the disease they are slimy, but after a while they appear admixture of pus.

In chronic inflammatory process during his copious exacerbation and in remission (relief of symptoms) they are insignificant. On the morning of their number is greater than in the evening. At catarrhal form of separation and viscous mucous, with exudative - thin or thick pus, sometimes have an unpleasant odor. For allergic sinusitis Allergic sinusitis - a manifestation of the organism's response   characteristic of liquid discharge, which leaves portions. First, it collects in the sinuses and in certain positions of the head quickly drains into the nasal cavity.

Because of edema or hyperplasia (overgrowth) mucosal polyp formation or accumulation of abnormal discharge lumen of the nasal passages is narrowed or blocked completely. This leads to shortness of breath, which may occur intermittently or permanently disturb the person.

Hyposmia (decreased sense of smell) - another important symptom of sinusitis Sinusitis - symptoms of inflammation in the maxillary sinus . Normally substances contained in the air, reach special sections of nasal cavity, where the olfactory epithelium. There arises a pulse and then it is transmitted along nerve fibers in the olfactory centers of the brain. And only after that the man could smell.

When the sinus due to changes in nasal air does not reach the upper nasal turbinate where the olfactory system. Therefore, people can smell is weaker or completely ceases to feel them.

Often in the affected sinus and root of the nose there is a feeling of "pressure" or "gravity". Instead, a person may experience pain, which is usually distributed in the temporal and eyebrow area and is enhanced by probing pneumatic seat projection of the maxillary cavity.

Common symptoms of sinusitis

These symptoms indicate that the body is an inflammatory process. These include:

• Worse;
• Increased body temperature;
• Headache.

Poor general health and fever characteristic of acute sinusitis, as well as for the period of exacerbation of chronic forms of the disease. Condition of man becomes more severe if the broken breathing through both halves of the nose, and he is forced to breathe through the mouth. During remission human manifestations of the disease hardly disturbed person.

In some cases, the reaction temperature begins to chill sensation and expressed during the entire period of disease. In other situations, the temperature rises only in the first few days after the onset of inflammation or remains normal.

Headaches - one of the most important signs of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis and Chronic sinusitis - the effect on health . Paranasal sinus pneumatic located next to the cavity of the skull, and between the nervous, circulatory and lymphatic system, these anatomical structures are extensive contacts. Therefore, the inflammatory process affects the lining of the brain and the person in pain.

It usually has a diffuse (covering a large surface) character. But if the inflammation is expressed in one of the sinus pain is local.

Sometimes there is no headache, even purulent inflammation not only the maxillary, but also of other paranasal sinuses. This occurs most often in cases where the discharge can freely flow away through natural openings and do not accumulate in the cavities.

Malaise, fever, and headaches are found not only in inflammation of the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, but also in many other states. But they are combined with local symptoms of sinusitis can detect this disease.

Otitis: acute and chronic

Otitis media - an inflammation of the ear. There are external otitis Otitis externa - all the dangers of the disease , Otitis media and otitis internal (labyrinth). The most common is called otitis media inflammation of the middle ear, or otitis media. Otitis media may be acute or chronic.

The causes of otitis media are hypothermia, inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It develops on the background of acute respiratory diseases, various infectious diseases, trauma eardrum Eardrum injuries: this is serious When the infection gets to the middle ear and causes its inflammation. Of great importance in the development of otitis media has a decrease in the body's defenses, presence of chronic diseases nasopharynx.

Symptoms of acute otitis media

Developing the disease usually progresses rapidly and sharply. During acute otitis media are three periods.

In the first period leading symptom is pain in the ear, first in the form of tingling, then it acquires shooting paroxysmal in nature and gradually growing, it becomes quite unbearable. The pain subsides only for a short time, increasing at night and giving teeth and neck. Ear pain is accompanied by a headache in parietal and temporal areas, increase in body temperature up to significant numbers, general malaise, nasal, noise in the ear and hearing loss.

On the transition of the disease in the second period indicates perforation (perforation) of the drum walls. With the advent of discharge from the ear pain disappears. The first two days the amount of discharge from the ear is small, purulent discharge, mixed with blood, then their number increases and they become purulent. The temperature is reduced, the general condition is improving, but the noise in the ear continues to bother.

The third period is characterized by a decrease in suppuration of the ear, the eardrum scarring and recovery of hearing.

The duration of the disease is usually 2-3 weeks.

Complications of acute otitis media

Acute otitis media can produce complications such as mastoiditis (inflammation of the process of the temporal bone), paresis (temporary paralysis), facial nerve The facial nerve when a person loses symmetry , Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear), a variety of intracranial complications.

Symptoms of chronic otitis media

Chronic otitis media - a sluggish disease in which inflammation of the middle ear, as it were delimited. Otitis media usually becomes chronic from acute otitis undertreated, but sometimes has a primary and chronic. Development of the disease contribute to the patency of the Eustachian tube (decrease its ventilation and drainage function).

In chronic otitis media observed persistent or recurrent ear discharge, hearing loss, sometimes dizziness and headaches. Suppuration may occasionally be reduced or completely withdrawn.

The complications of chronic otitis media

As a result of scarring may occur fusion eardrum to the inner wall of the cavity of the middle ear, which results in permanent hearing loss. The inflammatory process can go on nerve plexus in the middle ear, which causes disorder of taste and pain in the ear.

Diagnosis of otitis

The diagnosis of otitis media is placed on the basis of the characteristic signs of the disease, examination of the eardrum with a special instrument (otoscope), which allows you to see the signs of inflammation, the results of the study of hearing and, if necessary - X-ray studies (can detect complications of the temporal bones - mastoiditis).

Treatment of otitis

In acute otitis Acute otitis media: to heal, to not become a chronic disease   treatment begins with bed rest, relief of acute pain, the appointment of antipyretic drugs and antibiotics. The pain is removed with the help of local warming procedures (eg, drops of warm olive oil), dry heat on the ear, receiving painkillers. To restore patency of the auditory tube prescribe drugs relieve swelling and thinning allocation in the form of nose drops, and inhalations. The effectiveness of treatment is determined by the degree of reduction of the tympanic membrane and normal hearing

If there is a discharge from the ear, the first discharge is taking the study reveal the infectious agent and its sensitivity to antibiotics and only prescribe effective treatment.

From physical therapy prescribed UHF, ultraviolet irradiation, microwave therapy.

In severe pain, swelling and bulging eardrum sometimes held its dissection (myringotomy) as spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane more traumatic and often causes hearing loss.

Make sure (especially in chronic processes) carried out a fortifying and regenerating the immune system treatment.

Prevention of otitis

Prevention of acute otitis media - is to increase resistance (immunity) of the body, the timely treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, etc.), restoration of patency of the nasal cavity.