Judging from the daily life of citizens of the civilized countries of movies, series and television programs (and the majority of judges it is for these sources), you will find a curious thing. It turns out that any self-respecting, and not even too self-respecting resident of the United States or Germany simply can not live in peace if his list of cases per week will mean a visit to the psychoanalyst. Psychoanalysis in nearly a hundred years has become so integral to the Western way of life that can easily claim the title of the modern opium of the people. So at least in general terms, to know what is a psychoanalysis is necessary.

Oh, this is a magical name - Sigmund Freud ...

Of course, first of all at the mention of psychoanalysis in the mind arises mysterious and somehow more frightening to the child times the name of the Austrian scientist Sigmund Freud. There are few people in the XX century, that the scale of impact on human minds could match, let alone surpass Freud. Classical start date of Freud's psychoanalysis is considered on July 24, 1895, when a scientist inspired by his own dream came to the conclusion that dreams play a crucial role in human psychology and are the most effective way to translate the language of the subconscious into the language of logical concepts.

Indeed, psychoanalysis understood as a theoretical doctrine of total human development and mental mechanisms of neurotic disorders and practical psychoanalytic therapy, interpretive motivation and unconscious mental processes that appear during sleep or hypnotic state. However, after the growing popularity of psychoanalytic therapy, the main focus in the public mind was made precisely on this side of psychoanalysis to explain the terms of the unconscious human behavior, fears and disorders and their treatment. Therefore, in the ordinary consciousness of psychoanalysis is largely limited thus visit a shrink.

However, no one alive psychoanalysis by Freud, among the classics and founders of this doctrine are such prominent scientists as Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm and others. Jung and Adler were disciples of Freud subsequently diverged in their views with him and founded his direction of the theory and practice. For example, Jung created the concept of "archetype", implying the kind of mental structure that defines the contents of the collective unconscious and expressed in myths, dreams, fairy tales. At the same time, Jung, in contrast to his teacher Freud, the main goal of psychoanalysis did not see a direct intervention in the psychic life of the patient and the removal of the obvious symptoms of the disorder, and the strengthening of his mental immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   qualified friendly advice. In turn, Adler regarded every neurotic disorder is not just as a form of mental life, but as an expression of weakness, which eventually was either caused by an inferiority complex The inferiority complex - do not revel worthlessness Or directly led to the appearance of this complex.

The basic concepts of psychoanalysis

Despite the fact that the second half of the last century, the community of scientists, psychologists more and louder voices that psychoanalysis has outlived its usefulness, that it is practical and theoretical doctrine can no longer adequately reflect the diversity of the human psyche and what he did was founded in the wrong position, this question remains highly controversial. Many scholars continue to uphold the theoretical value of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic practice not only lost, but also, perhaps, strengthened its position.

Based on the general ideas of Freud, we can say that the human mind is inherently based on natural instincts, so-called "primary drive" .  The natural human tendency is to obtain the highest satisfaction in all areas of life .  According to Sigmund Freud, the general direction of the human psyche defines an area in which the pleasure is expressed most clearly, that is, sexual life, sexual attraction and fantasy that he combined the concept of "libido" .  However, the external reality facing the people dictating conditions in which the enjoyment whenever and wherever it is simply impossible, making the mind builds its own system of prohibitions and self-restraint .  This natural instincts are so strong and deep, and external constraints on their displays so hard that the conflict between them leads to a chronic state of anxiety and depression, which leads to the emergence of mental disorders, neuroses .  According to Freud, the essence and the task of psychoanalysis is precisely in order to rationalize the irrational nature of his human fears and show the way to the most complete removal of these contradictions in a particular case .

In accordance with these views were formed theory of human behavior, a set of methods for the study of basic human motives and methods of treatment of mental disorders based on the analysis of free association, expressing symbols of the unconscious. Today there are two main practice areas: classical psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. In the classical version of the patient resorts to free association, says whatever comes to mind, he tells about dreams Dreams: how to understand our dreams   transport and feelings that arise in the course of psychotherapy. The analyst uses interpretation and clarification to resolve the internal conflicts of the patient. Much the same is observed in the psychoanalytic therapy, but the effect of the analyst on the inner life of the patient is less active and less stressed out. In this case, more attention is paid to aspects such as practical advice on the real problem situations, without going into the depths of the unconscious, as well as psychological support to the patient, creating a favorable background for solving problems.

Alexander Babitsky

You want to start a new healthy life? In the end, one small solution can radically transform your life and make it more interesting, pleasant and intense. These seven promises himself it is easy to perform, in addition, they can serve as a springboard for further change.

It is better to treat people

Want to get a boost in the near future? Be kinder and more attentive to colleagues. According to the study, those who willingly shared their emotions with others Emotions and culture: how to decipher the emotional code , Quickly won the respect of others and the location of the study participants. This gives reason to believe that such an attitude will be reflected in the increase in social status.

Stop smoking for the company

So you have to vechernika and your friends go outside to smoke. You join them, and not because you want to smoke, too, but not to break away from the group. After all, what harm one cigarette, is not it? Not this way. Even one cigarette you smoke is 25% seal the walls of blood vessels in adults aged 18 to 30 years, which complicates the work of the heart, thereby increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke. This is especially harmful to those who smoke regularly, because their body is not accustomed to nicotine, and each case is a smoke - is stressful How to beat stress? Create an oasis .

Stop going to the solarium

Tanned skin looks beautiful and sexy, but if it's fake tan, resulting in the solarium, your health is in danger. According to experts, the solarium and the solar radiation in the lead in the list of the main causes of cancer. According to a recent study, the risk of cancer among those who begin to visit a solarium before the age of 30 years, increasing by 75%.

Stop there in the evening and at night

Eating late at night - it's not just a bad habit. All the calories that enter the body at an inopportune time, perceived it as over and deposited reserve. Even late at night you dine vegetables and wholesome food, all the same, these calories are not absorbed and converted into fat.

Do not go to bed in a bad mood

This folk wisdom is not meaningless. A recent study found a link between sleep quality Dreams: how to understand our dreams   partner of a marital or similar relationship, and the quality of their relationship. Poor sleep leads to conflict on the next day. As a result - again a bad dream and conflicts. Scientists recommend couples to refrain from the showdown in the evening and not to conflict a day after a sleepless night.

It is better to monitor the cleanliness of teeth

Your dentist is quite right: it is very important to use dental floss. The researchers studied 51 pair of twins If you have twins: Ten Smiles   and found that one of the twins who did not floss, more prone to gum disease and tooth decay caused by the accumulation of bacteria.

Reduce fat intake

Of course, this point can be generalized to formulate "eat better", but it is very important to emphasize the reduction of fat intake. Thus, rats fed fatty foods, soon showed the decline of physical strength and cognitive abilities. After a week of such a diet the rats overcome only half distance, which runs through the participants receiving the low-fat diet. Why is that? The fact that the fat provides much less energy than glucose contained in the carbohydrates. Include in your diet more pasta, fish and low-calorie yogurt - and be full of energy all day long!