For the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, diseases of the upper respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract bacterial, viral or allergic origin Erespal fit. Guide, developed by the manufacturer, clinical experience reflects its anti-inflammatory properties and relieving bronchospasm.

The mechanism of action Erespal

Erespal (INN - fenspiride) is a drug with anti-inflammatory and antibronhokonstriktornym action. Erespal produced in dosage forms for oral administration: tablets, film-coated, 80 mg Syrup 100 ml which contained 200 mg of active principle. Producer - French pharmaceutical company Servier Laboratories.

Erespal mechanism of action is based on the fact that it is an antagonist with respect to certain biologically active substances that promote allergic and inflammatory reactions (mediators of inflammation and allergies). These mediators of inflammation and allergy related cytokines, arachidonic acid, free radicals. This effect is amplified (potentiated) blockade of the histamine H1 receptor and alpha-adrenergic stimulation is accompanied by an increase in the secretion of bronchial glands. As a result, Erespal inhibits the action of a number of factors that contribute to increased secretion of biologically active substances involved in inflammation and bronchoconstriction. In addition, Erespal has antispasmodic action, that is, removes the existing spasm of bronchial smooth muscle.

When injected into the gastrointestinal tract Erespal well absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching a maximum content in six hours after ingestion. It writes mainly kidney and partially with bile.

Indications and contraindications for use

Erespal used in the complex treatment of the following diseases and conditions:

• asthma;
• acute and chronic (during acute) infectious and inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs;
• acute and chronic (during acute) infectious and inflammatory diseases of the trachea, larynx, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, middle ear;
• acute viral infections - influenza, measles Measles in children - may cause serious complications ;
• whooping cough.

Contraindications for use Erespal are individual intolerance of components, children under two years (syrup) and 18 years (for tablets), pregnancy (no data on its impact on the fetus), and breast-feeding Breastfeeding - a personal choice   feeding (no information about whether it penetrates into the milk). Due to the presence in the dosage form Erespal Erespal sucrose syrup, used with caution in patients with fructose intolerance, glucose Glucose: The energy source , Galactose, some types of enzyme insufficiency and patients with diabetes mellitus.

It is not necessary to combine the reception Erespal Erespal - a cure for allergies and inflammation   with driving motor vehicles, as it can cause drowsiness and poor concentration. Side effects such as drowsiness does not allow reception Erespal combined with soothing, antihistamine drugs, as well as alcoholic beverages.

Side effects

When receiving Erespal may experience the following side effects:

• the part of the circulatory system - mild palpitations (tachycardia), which decreases at lower doses of the drug;
• from the gastrointestinal tract - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;
• the central nervous system - drowsiness, fatigue, fatigue, dizziness;
• For the skin - rashes (including urticaria), angioedema, areas of redness or changes in pigmentation of the skin, itchy skin; upon receipt of a syrup can develop an allergic reaction to the dye, a part of the drug and some other components; In some cases, these reactions are delayed allergic nature.

Overdose Erespal

Overdose of this drug is difficult, however, if it received a dose higher than the recommended, there are severe drowsiness, or, on the contrary, agitation, nausea, vomiting, heart palpitations, it is recommended to call an ambulance, which will wash out the stomach and make ECG.

Erespal - a quality anti-inflammatory drug with a bronchodilator effect, which is mainly used not independently, but as part of a treatment and not a substitute for the use of antibiotics and other drugs to treat infectious and inflammatory and allergic processes.

Galina Romanenko

Spirometry - a method of study of respiratory function, which involves measuring lung capacity and breathing speed performance. If you suffer from bronchial asthma Bronchial asthma - the body's response inadequate , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe allergies, most likely you are familiar with spirometry.

Spirometry assessment effectively defines the ability of the lungs receive, hold and use the inhaled air. For spirometry spirometer used - a special device consisting of the air flow sensor and an electronic device which converts the sensor into digital form and performs the necessary calculations. The patient takes a deep breath and exhaled with maximum force in the spirometer, which analyzes the air flow and processes the information.

How is spirometry

Spirometry is quick and painless. During the execution of spirometry tests the patient is in an upright position. The patient is given a spirometer, introduced a mouthpiece connected to a breathing tube and put on the nose clip to prevent the ingress of air into the nose during the study. According to team doctor patient takes a deep breath, to completely fill the lungs with air, then exhale with the greatest force, and as long as possible. Then offer to take a deep breath and forced a full forced expiration. Thus spirometer measures and records the amount and speed of air passing through the apparatus, and several other parameters. The procedure is usually repeated two or three times to establish the average value of all the characteristics.

When performing spirometry trial

Spirometry trial prescribed for a variety of indications, including:

• to determine the severity of lung disease;
• for monitoring the progression of lung disease;
• to determine the nature of the disease of the lungs (restrictive (i.e. restrict airflow to the lungs) or obstructive (i.e., gives the air flow to the lungs));
• to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

What measures spirometry

Spirometry measures (in liters or milliliters) respiratory function of the lungs, which is defined by the following characteristics:

• tidal volume (UP) - the amount of inhaled and exhaled air;
• vital capacity (VC) - the maximum amount of air exhaled after a maximum deep breath;
• forced vital capacity (FVC) - the difference between the volume of air in the lungs at the beginning and at the end of the forced exhalation;
• functional residual capacity (FRC) - the amount of air in the lungs after a tidal;
• residual lung volume (OOL) - the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation;
• total lung capacity (TLC) - it is vital capacity plus OOL;
• forced expiratory volume in the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1); in relation FEV1 / FVC ratio, expressed as a percentage (index Tiffno) can detect the degree of airway obstruction;
• Peak volume velocity (PIC) - the maximum flow achieved during exhalation;
• instantaneous velocities (MOS) - air flow rate at the time of forced exhalation;
• respiratory minute volume (MOU);
• Maximum ventilation (MVV).

Bronchial provocation tests

Spirometry is sometimes carried out in a more in-depth study, known as the bronchial provocation test. In this case, the spirometric tests performed after the patient inhales the dose of methacholine or histamine. These substances are bronhorestriktorami (i.e. narrow airways).

The purpose bronhoprovokatsionnyh trial - to determine the degree of narrowing of the airways. This helps doctors to plan treatment and to choose the dosage of drugs, based on the individual needs of the patient.

Sometimes spirometry repeated after a patient inhales a dose of a substance that expands bronchi (i.e., airway opening). This test allows the doctor to distinguish asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Bronchial provocation tests provide substantial physical strain on the body. In severe cases, they can cause severe bouts of uncontrollable coughing that make impossible the completion of the procedure. Bronchial challenge tests are not recommended for people with severe airway obstruction.

Interpretation of the results of spirometry

Since the normal values ​​of individual, spirometry results are evaluated in comparison with the average value for a healthy person of the same sex, age, height and body weight. The decline of most indexes twenty percent or more of the normal values ​​are regarded as a sign of lung function. Particularly unfavorable sign is considered to increase the values ​​of OOL and FRC. According to the results of spirometry establish the presence and severity of obstructive and restrictive disorders. Spirometry play a crucial role in the diagnosis of asthma, chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs and bronchial and other illnesses that can cause deterioration of lung function.