Hypercapnia - abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood or in other words, the poisoning of carbon dioxide, which in the normal case excreted light. The process of gas exchange (revenue from the lungs into the blood of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide) is carried out in the alveoli. If for some reason the alveoli not fulfill its main function (for example, due to damage to lung chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), gas exchange is broken, and carbon dioxide is not removed from the lungs completely. The result - too much carbon monoxide in the blood with all the characteristic symptoms.

Causes of hypercapnia

One of the most common causes of hypercapnia - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A typical consequence of such diseases becomes disruption of air entry into the lungs of air directly into the lungs and subsequent exhalation (removal from the body) of carbon dioxide. This violation, in turn, can lead to a decrease in blood oxygen level (hypoxemia) and, accordingly, increase the level of carbon dioxide in the blood, i.e. hypercapnia.

Where less frequent direct carbon dioxide poisoning - "forced" penetration of carbon dioxide in the body under normal lung function in those cases where the air enters the lungs have too much carbon monoxide (eg, carbon monoxide poisoning in the fire). For example, at a concentration of carbon monoxide in the air more than five percent have the first symptoms that signal the poisoning of the human body with carbon dioxide - such as headache, nausea, sweating. As the body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen, there are changes in the rhythm of breathing - breathing becomes frequent, superficial.

Quite common - hypercapnia arising to a depth (diving): in such cases, the poisoning with carbon dioxide can occur for a variety of reasons, from improper breathing (superficial and deep breathing, too frequent breaths) to too much exercise .

For other reasons hypercapnia include:

• Seizures
• An overdose of some drugs
• Asthma
• Damage to the brain stem
• Syndrome stops breathing during sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams   (so-called obstructive sleep apnea Stop breathing (apnea) during sleep - upper airway obstruction   Sleep)

Symptoms

Intensity hypercapnia symptoms depends primarily on the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood - higher carbon dioxide levels in the blood than the heavier carbon dioxide poisoning, the more severe are the symptoms of hypercapnia. For example, in the case of a slight excess of the norms of carbon dioxide in the blood hypercapnia may be asymptomatic or accompanied by mild symptoms - such as headache, sleepiness / lethargy, inability to concentrate and think clearly.

Nevertheless, we should not assume that hypercapnia - a harmless condition and is not dangerous to humans: severe cases of poisoning with carbon dioxide could lead to respiratory failure and even death. A significant increase in the level of carbon monoxide in the blood causes dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate, rapid, shallow breathing, muscle cramps. In the most severe cases of poisoning with carbon dioxide hypercapnia causes disorientation, panic and hyperventilation Hyperventilation - when breathing is not easy , Convulsions, loss of consciousness and, ultimately, death.

Steps

Depending on the intensity of symptoms and the level of carbon dioxide in the blood can be divided into three main stages of hypercapnia. The first stage - is mild symptoms of hypercapnia observed in excess of the level of carbon monoxide in the blood of forty to forty-five millimeters of mercury. At this stage, there are increased heart rate and respiration, increased pressure and sweating. The second stage of hypercapnia - the so-called deep hypercapnia, respiratory disorders cause significant against the backdrop of a further increase in blood pressure and breathing rhythm disturbances. Finally, the third, the most difficult stage of hypercapnia - the so-called acidotic coma: Poisoning with carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness, depressed reflexes, severe respiratory failure, coma and offensive, in the absence of immediate medical attention, death.

Mucosolvan available in several dosage forms - in the form of tablets, syrup, and solution. Choose the most suitable for the patient the dosage form and its optimum dosage can help the doctor, he also will determine the course of treatment lasolvan.

Mucosolvan and its dosage forms

Mucosolvan - a drug with mucolytic (phlegm) and expectorant effect, the active substance is ambrosol - metabolite of bromhexine. Bromhexine itself is used as an antitussive, but lavzolvan operates faster and more efficiently. Additionally mucolytic and expectorant action, he still increases the synthesis of surfactant - a substance that does not allow fallen down the walls of the alveoli and small airways.

Produces Mucosolvan the German pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH in different dosage forms: tablets, syrup and solution. Despite the fact that Mucosolvan toxic drug, and has almost no side effects, it should be taken by a physician in order to timely detect complications and assign complex treatment.

How to take lazolkan tablets

Mucosolvan tablets prescribed for adults and children after 12 years of often acute diseases of the middle and lower respiratory tract. Especially effective when the tablet Mucosolvan seasonal viral infections, complicated by bronchitis Bronchitis - protection if the body has malfunctioned   or pneumonia.

Often these complications begin with obsessive dry cough, which prevents the patient to sleep and significantly worsens the general condition. Mucosolvan in this case appoint one tablet (30 mg) three times daily after meals with water or any other liquid. If the cough is very strong, then the dose was increased to four tablets per day and take two tablets twice daily. Duration of treatment is determined by your doctor.

In some cases the combined use Mucosolvan administered in tablets or in solution in the form of inhalations. But the daily dose should not be higher than recommended.

How to take Mucosolvan in syrup

Mucosolvan syrup is available in bottles of 100 ml. The syrup is of two types: the content per teaspoonful (5 ml) 15 or 30 mg of ambroxol. Take the syrup mostly children, but you can take it and adults. The syrup contains 15 mg of ambroxol in 5 ml of a raspberry flavor, and containing 30 mg in 5 ml - orange.

Take the syrup after meals, washed down with water, tea, fruit juice, milk and so on. Duration of reception determined by the physician.

Syrup Mucosolvan (5 ml - 15 mg) was administered in the following doses:

• adults and children over 12 years - two teaspoons (10 mL) three times a day;
• children aged six to 12 years old - one teaspoon (5 ml) two or three times a day;
• children aged two to six years each appoint half a teaspoon (2.5 mL) three times a day;
• children under two years of age - half teaspoon (2, 5 mL) twice a day.
• Mucosolvan syrup (5 ml - 30 mg) was administered to children after 6 years and adults in the following dosages:
• adults and children over 12 years - a teaspoon (5 ml) three times a day;
• children aged six to 12 years - half a teaspoon (2, 5 ml) two - three times a day.

How to take the solution into Mucosolvan

Mucosolvan in the solution can be taken orally, and can be used for inhalations. In 1 ml (25 drops) contains 7 5 mg abroksola.

Inside Mucosolvan solution used after a meal, washing it down with any liquid. Adults and children over 12 years prescribed solution Mucosolvan 4 ml (100 drops) three times a day. Children under 12 years of age the dose is assigned according to age:

• Children under 2 years and 1 ml (25 drops) twice a day;
• children from 2 to 6 years: 1 ml three times a day;
• children over 6 years of 2 ml (50 drops) was 2 or 3 times a day.

Mucosolvan in solution inhalation

The inhalation solution Mucosolvan used for any inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs. But more inhalations still prescribed for chronic lung diseases - chronic bronchitis, particularly if they are accompanied by impaired patency of the bronchi. Well help inhalation lasolvan Mucosolvan - cough medicine   when bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis - when the work light under threat When formed in the bronchi expansion filled with pus. In bronchial asthma Bronchial asthma - the body's response inadequate   Mucosolvan inhaled well liquefies and removes viscous glassy mucus, which is formed by the attack of bronchospasm.

Inhalation taken using a nebulizer - the device that converts the drug solution into an aerosol. Mucosolvan while half diluted with saline and warmed to body temperature of adults and children older than six years, used for 2-3 ml Mucosolvan on inhalation, and make one - two treatments per day. Children up to 6 years for inhalation use no more than 2 ml Mucosolvan and spend one or two treatments per day.

Galina Romanenko