Pulpitis - an inflammation of the soft tissues of the tooth (the pulp), arising from a deep caries and infection control in the dental cavity. Acute pulpitis may result from trauma, spalling of the crown with pulp exposure or accidental opening of the bottom of the cavity boron. The main symptom of pulpitis - severe pain. Pulpitis diagnosis is based on clinical studies, the diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray. Treatment of pulpitis is aimed at eliminating the caries process, the restoration of the damaged tooth, or its removal, and treatment of tooth root.

Pulpitis occurs when:

• carious process penetrates deep into the dentin;
• the tooth is exposed to a number of invasive dental procedures;
• trauma destroys lymph and blood flow in the pulp of the tooth.

In the early stages of the disease pulpitis it is reversible and treatable. To save the tooth, and sometimes enough to clean the filling of cavities. But as a result of purulent fusion of the pulp is corrupted its structural elements occurs and its replacement by fibrous tissue, becomes irreversible pulpitis.

Complications pulpit

Infectious complications pulpitis include the development of apical periodontitis, periapical abscess formation, cellulitis and osteomyelitis of the jaw. The spread of infection from maxillary teeth may cause purulent sinusitis, meningitis Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges Abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers?   brain, orbital cellulitis, and thrombosis Thrombosis - the cause of heart attack and stroke   the cavernous sinus. The spread of infection from the mandibular teeth may cause Ludwig's angina, abscess formation peripharyngeal, development mediastinitis, pericarditis, empyema, and jugular vein thrombosis.

Signs and symptoms of pulpitis

When reversible pulpitis, pain occurs under the influence of external stimuli (usually a cold or sweet). When the action of an external stimulus ceases, the pain goes away within one to two seconds.

When irreversible pulpitis, pain occurs spontaneously or persist for several minutes after cessation of the stimulus .  At the initial stage, the pulp cause aching pain and infrequent .  In later stages, pain attacks are increasing and becoming more prolonged and pulsating .  The patient is difficult to determine exactly which tooth hurts, and often it is difficult even to say it hurts the upper or lower jaw (can be with certainty only the side of the pain - left or right) .  Because pulp necrosis pain may stop for a few days .  If the infection enters and spreads through the apical foramen (retrograde pulp), the tooth becomes extremely sensitive to even slight touch and pressure and tapping .  As a result of periapical abscess (acute phase of the infection spreading to the tooth pulp through unsustainable alveolar bone to adjacent soft tissue) rises tooth that feels sick at the closing of the jaws .

Diagnosis pulpit

To diagnose the pulpit the following methods:

• Clinical evaluation and inspection;
• X-rays of teeth.

Diagnosis is based on history and examination with the use of external stimuli (heat, cold, tapping on the tooth). An X-ray can help determine whether the inflammation has spread beyond the tooth to the surrounding tissue, and help to rule out other possible "culprits" symptoms.

Treatment of pulpitis

Treatment of pulpitis include:

• treatment of damaged tooth cavity and sealing (with reversible pulp);
• mortification of the nerve and the removal of the inflamed pulp, after which the root canal is filled with filling material (for irreversible pulp);
• antibiotics (such as amoxicillin (Amoxil, trimoks)) to fight infection.

In reversible pulpitis, pulp vitality can be recovered after the treatment of the tooth, typically by removing caries More about caries - take care of your teeth until it's too late .

Irreversible pulpitis and its complications require root canal treatment or a tooth extraction. In the process of an endodontic treatment the tooth is a hole through which the pulp is removed. The root canal is carefully processed and filled with filling material. After root canal treatment have improved the patient's condition, as evidenced by complete or partial disappearance of the symptoms and radiographic analysis. If signs of systemic infection (e.g., elevated temperature) prescribed an oral antibiotic (e.g., amoxicillin).

If symptoms persist or worsen, repeated root canal treatment, and consider other options for the diagnosis (eg, temporomandibular disorder, hidden tooth fracture, neurological disorders).

Periodontitis - a serious gum infection that destroys the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. Periodontitis can cause tooth loss and even more worse consequences - increased risk of heart attack or stroke, and other serious health problems.

Periodontitis - it is a common disorder, which, however, is fairly easy to prevent. Usually it is the result of poor oral hygiene Oral hygiene - not only in the dentist's chair . Brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing and regular professional cleaning significantly reduces the chance of developing periodontitis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of periodontal disease may include:

• Swollen gums;
• Bright red gums;
• Hypersensitivity to touch the gums;
• Detachment of the gums from the teeth, which is why your teeth may look longer;
• Education gaps between the teeth;
• Pus between the teeth and gums;
• Bad breath;
• Bad taste in the mouth;
• Stagger teeth;
• Changing the bite.

There are various types of periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common, it occurs mainly in adults, although sometimes observed in children. Aggressive periodontitis usually begins in childhood or early adulthood; he suffers only 1-2% of the population.

When to see a doctor

Healthy gums are pale pink. When they become red, swollen and / or bleed easily, you should contact your dentist. The sooner you do, the more likely it is that you manage to avoid serious complications of periodontitis.

Causes

It is believed that the cause of periodontal disease is plaque, which is comprised almost entirely of bacteria. If you do not clean the teeth regularly from him, begins to form tartar Plaque - why it should be removed? Which can only be removed with the help of professional tools.

The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more damage they cause. At first they simply cause irritation and inflammation of the gums at the base of the tooth. This condition is called gingivitis Gingivitis - if inflamed gums   - The mildest form of periodontal disease.

Further inflammatory process leads to the formation between the teeth and gums of the spaces, which are filled with plaque, stone, and bacteria. These spaces are gradually deepened, and they accumulate more bacteria - in the end, they get under the gum tissue. This deep infection can cause destruction of the bone tissue. In some cases, this leads to loss of the tooth.

Risk factors

Factors that may increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:

• Gingivitis;
• Heredity;
• Poor oral hygiene;
• Smoking or the use of chewing tobacco;
• Diabetes;
• Old age;
• Immunocompromised, which may occur, for example, leukemia or HIV / AIDS as well as in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy;
• Poor diet;
• Taking certain medications;
• Hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy or menopause;
• Substance abuse;
• Unsuccessful operations to restore teeth Restoration of teeth: dental surgeon or dental therapist - who obraschatsya .

Complications

The most common complication of periodontal disease is the loss of the tooth. Other complications of the disease can cause a surprise:

• Coronary artery disease;
• Stroke;
• Low birth weight;
• Poorly controlled diabetes;
• Respiratory problems.

Studies have shown that the bacteria responsible for the development of periodontitis, can enter the body through inhalation or through the bloodstream, causing lung diseases, heart and other organs. For example, bacteria can enter into the arteries of the heart, there cause inflammation and narrowing of the arteries, which may ultimately lead to a heart attack.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics of periodontitis generally simple. The basis for the description of the diagnosis may be symptoms and examination of the oral cavity. By means of special tools the doctor will determine the depth of the space between the teeth and gums. This helps determine how severe form of periodontitis in the patient.

Treatment

In the early stages of periodontitis is treated by procedures during which the teeth are cleaned of rock and prevent further accumulation of plaque and bacteria in the cavities between the teeth and gums.

Sometimes antibiotics are used, although their use in the treatment of periodontal disease is controversial. As a rule, spot or oral antibiotics are recommended for suspected bacterial infection.

In more severe cases of periodontitis treated by surgical methods.