Shoulder Joint

Dislocation - a persistent shift of articular ends of bones that form the joint. Diagnosis "dislocated shoulder blade" does not exist. Dislocations in this area are divided into sprains Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   scapular Department collarbone and dislocated shoulder. The fact that in any region sprained considered peripheral (in this case, shoulder) bone. Collarbone - an exception to this rule, distinguish sprains and scapular sternal end of the clavicle, but no dislocation of the scapula.

Structure of shoulder region

Shoulder - a flat triangular bone that one articular surface (or scapula acromion process) is connected with the collarbone forming scapuloclavicular joint and girdle, and the other - the humerus to form the shoulder joint. In these two joints may be dislocations. There are quite often.

Clavicle - a small steam tubular bone that connects the shoulder blade to the chest. It has two ends - outside shoulder (acromion) and the inner sternum. The clavicle serves as support for the scapula and arm bones and keeps his hand to his chest, enabling it to move. It also protects the axillary region, which are large blood vessels and nerve plexus.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint

Shoulder Joint - a joint connecting the shoulder girdle with free upper limb. It is formed by the glenoid cavity of the blade and the articular surface of the humeral head. The head of the humerus is sitting in the shallow flat hollow blades, so it easily moves down or inside out of it. This occurs most often when falling on an outstretched hand. Joint capsule tear and break through the bag head bones may go beyond the joint.

Symptoms of shoulder joint dislocation: there is a sharp pain, the entire upper limb as it is extended and shoulder unnaturally sharpened. Working hand is completely broken, it is usually bent at the elbow and take aside (it can not lead to the body). When trying to pick a doctor or take the side injured hand, there is a spring resistance. When the feeling his hands the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the blade is not, moving forward, backward or down.

The head of the humerus, which has taken a new position can compress neurovascular bundle the underarm area, which can lead to disturbances of blood circulation and sensitivity in this area.

When providing first aid to the victim in any case impossible to reduce a dislocation of their own, you just need to fix the arm in a position in which it is located (for example, hung it on the scarf to the neck) and attach to the place of dislocation cold. On the open wound is necessary to impose a pressure bandage sterile. When such assistance is necessary to deliver the victim to a medical facility where he is entitled to a dislocation.

Trauma surgeon to reposition dislocated usually assigns X-ray, which allows you to specify the location of the head of a sprained shoulder. Reduction of dislocation is performed under general or local anesthesia, and then re-do an x-ray to make sure that the dislocation vpravlen. Then the limb impose plaster for three weeks. After removing the plaster for a month, conduct rehabilitation treatment (physiotherapy, massage and physiotherapy).

Dislocation of the shoulder-blade area - it is always a painful injury.

Galina Romanenko

Total hip joints

Heavy physical exertion in sports, a variety of diseases, injuries often lead to the fact that the function of a joint is completely broken and the person becomes disabled. If conservative treatment fails and surgery to restore joint function, the question arises about his arthroplasty.

Endoprosthesis of bones and joints

The first metal prosthetic femoral head was established in 1940 by Moore, in 1946, the brothers offered Zhyude endoprosthesis is an acrylic head, mounted on a special metal nails. These implants are designed to replace the articular end of one of the bones of the joint are called single-pole. In the future construction of single-pole endoprosthesis repeatedly improved.

The indication for unipolar hip replacement are usually false joints and fractures of the femoral neck in elderly and senile age, which is not recommended to prolonged bed rest.

In monopolar prosthetic hip joint is opened, the neck of the femur at the base and intersect with the head removed. Then create a channel of the femur firmly driven into his leg prosthesis, and the prosthesis reduce a head in the glenoid cavity, located on the pelvic bone. Thereafter, the capsule of the hip joint is reduced. Due to the fact that the odnoplyusnom hip arthroplasty femoral head cartilage is constantly in contact with the glenoid cavity and exerts pressure on him in this field may eventually develop degenerative (metabolic) changes in cartilage. Therefore hemiarthroplasty not recommended for persons young and middle age, and patients suffering from deforming arthrosis Osteoarthritis - when the joint loses its function .

In 1959 K.M.Sivash applied-metal hip prosthesis, which provided integrally at both ends of the joint. In 1960 he was employed a total hip prosthesis, comprising two components - a cup of polymer glenoid cavity and a metal femoral head prosthesis. Currently, there are advanced modern total endoprosthesis.

Totality hip prosthesis successfully used in deforming arthrosis, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (the decay of the bone without infection), rheumatoid arthritis, complicated by joint stiffness, false joints False joints - when the mobility of broken bones   femoral neck. Full dentures attach to the bone in two ways: mechanically and with a special polymer - akriltsementa.

Total Knee Arthroplasty produce, as a rule, a total endoprosthesis replacement of the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia.

The total endoprosthesis is used after surgery for malignant tumors of the femur. Held hip replacement, hip and knee. For this purpose implants hip and knee joints, connected by a titanium pin.

Endoprosthesis of shoulder, elbow and ankle joint is rarely done. For hip replacement Endoprosthesis - when the most durable fabric fail   shoulder joint is used as a single-pole, and pervasive implants. For arthroplasty of the elbow joint is used mainly pervasive all-metal hinge prostheses.

Complications

In the postoperative period may develop inflammation, thrombosis, and others. A typical complication of joint replacement is the instability of the implant (its loosening in the bone), dislocation Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   femoral head from the glenoid cavity. There are so-called stress fractures endoprosthesis. In case of instability of the prosthesis it is replaced with a new one. If an abscess and can not be eliminated, the prosthesis is removed.

But in most cases, joint replacement now takes place without complications, and the artificial joint is used for a long time, fully restoring the function of the limb.

Galina Romanenko