No such thing as a false syphilis did not exist, but often enough in clinical practice, there are false positive tests for syphilis. That is why the results of only one laboratory study the diagnosis of syphilis is not put. To confirm it requires at least three different tests for syphilis.

What is a false positive syphilis

To confirm the diagnosis of syphilis conducted various studies. The main type of laboratory blood tests for syphilis are serological assays that detect the presence of human serum syphilis antibodies - immunoglobulin proteins produced in response to the introduction of infection into the body.

All serological tests for syphilis are divided into non-treponemal and treponemal. Non-treponemal tests - a complement fixation (RSK), which include such well-known test is the reaction of Wasserman (RW). Today, there are more modern counterparts PB that it virtually replaced in clinical practice. All RSK used non-treponemal antigens origin, most often it is cardiolipin antigens that are produced in syphilis from exposure to the infectious agent in the human tissue. But such antigens are sometimes formed in other diseases, and the human condition, including some people who do not have syphilis.

False syphilis using PB can be found in patients with malignant tumors, connective tissue (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma Scleroderma - affects all the organs   and so on), some infections (mononucleosis, brucellosis, malaria, measles Measles in children - may cause serious complications   and others), as well as the elderly and people who abuse alcohol or drugs. Why false positive results occasionally occur in healthy individuals is not precisely determined, obviously, this is due to the individual characteristics of metabolic processes.

Are there false positive treponemal tests? Trepolnemnye tests are specific, as they detect only antibodies to syphilis Treponema pallidum. Therefore false positive, they do not happen. However, even here there are some features. Thus, antibodies to Treponema pallidum, belonging to the class of immunoglobulin G (IgG) can remain in a person's blood after full recovery from syphilis. Furthermore, in order they can be detected over the entire life of the patient.

In order to determine what is hidden for syphilis or immunity characteristics in a healthy person, carried out additional tests. Man appoint another treponemal test (eg TPHA) and one non-treponemal (eg, the same reaction Wasserman).

What if found positive Wasserman?

First of all, do not panic and simply retake the analysis. If it is again positive, you should see a doctor - dermatologist and undergo a complete about adherence, including to make additional tests for syphilis. Quite often, a positive test is not confirmed by the PB treponemal tests.

Sometimes this situation is the reason for a full examination of the patient and identify him some other latent diseases - diabetes, connective tissue disease, cancer or some infection.

In this situation, you should see the positive survey - identification of latent syphilis. This will allow time to treat syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus   and prevent the development of dangerous complications of the internal organs, the brain and spinal cord. And if the random analysis for syphilis Analysis of syphilis - the identification of dangerous infection   was not made, this could lead to serious and irreversible changes to drastically reduce the quality of life.

Syphilis - a serious illness, which, however, respond well to treatment in the early stages. That is why syphilis try to identify as early as possible, examining healthy people during routine inspections. Modern laboratory screening (that identify asymptomatic disease in the general population) techniques can identify pre-syphilis very quickly, and then to send patients for additional testing.

False syphilis - is not so bad, much worse running syphilis.

Galina Romanenko

Bacterial vaginitis - is an inflammatory process in the area of ​​the vagina caused by a bacterial microflora. And as the normal vagina has a self-cleaning ability, the development of bacterial vaginosis should find out what caused the breach of the vaginal flora The microflora of the vagina: purity .

What is different from bacterial vaginosis bacterial vaginosis

In women of childbearing age the development of normal microflora of the vagina is supported female hormones, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Normally, in the composition of the microflora of the vagina should prevail lactobacilli and some other beneficial bacteria, which is favorable for the life of the acidic environment. The acidic environment is supported by lactobacilli, secrete lactic acid.

The composition of the microflora of the vagina, and there are always opportunistic bacteria that can under certain circumstances cause the disease. These bacteria include certain types of staphylococci, gardnerelly and some other representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora. The acidic environment inhibits their livelihoods. But if for some reason, the amount of normal microflora decreases acidity of the vagina is reduced (Ph rise) and conditionally pathogenic microflora begins to multiply rapidly, causing the first bacterial vaginosis, then bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis is called dysbiosis vagina, where the amount of pathogenic microflora exceeds the normal. But the inflammation in the vaginal walls wherein yet. Bacterial vaginosis is prolonged without passing to the inflammatory process, however, is a "time bomb" - the inflammatory process may begin at any time, such as after exposure to cold, stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis Carried over a common infection and so on. Inflammation of the vagina caused by pathogenic microflora is called bacterial vaginosis.

Factors contributing to the development of bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis

Violation of the ratio of normal and pathogenic microflora of the vagina can be caused by a variety of factors, both external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) origin. But most of those violations taking place today at the local or systemic administration of antibiotics. Therefore, the development of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis prone women often ill colds, complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media and other infectious and inflammatory processes, which require the use of antibiotics.

Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives also contributes to the development of these processes, as it causes a decrease of local immunity and allows opportunistic microflora to penetrate the vaginal mucosa, causing inflammation. The same effect is hormone therapy, including glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic connective tissue diseases - lupus erythematosus and scleroderma, etc.).

Reduced immunity contribute to some types of therapy used in the treatment of cancer (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), some endocrine disorders (decreased thyroid function, diabetes), blood diseases (leukemia, anemia).

Finally, the penetration of bacterial pathogens in the vaginal wall and the development of bacterial vaginosis contribute to abnormal development of reproductive organs - prolapse of the vaginal walls, gaping gender gap and so on. In that case, agents of infection in the vaginal area can be accessed from the anus (eg, E. coli).

Bacterial vaginosis can be secondary when infectious agents to penetrate the vagina of the internal genital organs - the uterus and its appendages, which often happens, for example, abortion and obstructed labor.

Manifestations

A sign of bacterial vaginosis is the appearance of heavy discharge with an unpleasant "fishy" odor. Other signs of dysbiosis vagina Dysbacteriosis vagina - how to fight?   no.

Bacterial vaginitis appearance of vaginal discharge Vaginal discharge   accompanied by other signs of inflammation: itching, burning sensation in the genital area, discomfort or pain in the abdomen, sometimes - frequent painful urination (a sign that the infection moved to the urethra).

But sometimes bacterial vaginosis are asymptomatic and can only be detected when viewed from a gynecologist. It is therefore important for every woman to regularly attend antenatal clinics.

Galina Romanenko