Steps to accustom the child to the pot

Place the pot in a bathroom or closet. Encourage your child to sit on the pot - in a diaper or not. Help your child learn how to talk about the toilet. To show the purpose of the pot, you can put back the contents of the diaper. Or you can allow the child to see how a family member (one with a child sex) uses the toilet.

• Plan "potty breaks." If the child is interested, to put him on the potty without a diaper for a few minutes several times a day. Boys simpler to learn to urinate sitting down, and learn to do it standing after they learn to cope with the greater need. Read your child a special book or give him a special toy, while he sits on the potty. Stay close to your baby, and be sure to praise for the effort.
• Running on the pot. When you notice the signals that the child wants to use the toilet, for example, he fidgets, squatting or holding hands on the genitals - react quickly. Help your child learn these signals to stop his studies and go to the potty. Praise your child when he says that he needs to potty. If you have a girl, you teach her carefully wipe - front to back, not to bring an infection of the vagina or bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function . Allow your child to wash off water. Make sure your child washes his hands after using the toilet.
• Use incentives. Some children like stickers that celebrate their successes. Someone like extra walk or bedtime stories Bedtime Stories - we were told that the grandmother . Find out what works for your baby. Do not forget to praise it. And do not swear, even if the attempt was not successful.
• Be persistent. Try to everyone who cares about the child, including a nanny or grandparents, follow your scheme to accustom the child to the pot.
• Avoid diapers. After several weeks of successful potty training a child is ready to change diapers on conventional panties. Check this accomplishment. You can even arrange a small celebration, let your child show off to friends. When a child begins to wear pants, wear stop him overalls and other clothes, which is difficult to quickly withdraw.
• Treat errors easily. Incidents are inevitable, especially if the child is tired or upset. Stay calm, change their clothes the child and tell him that soon he will learn to use the potty is always when you need it.
• Sleep well. Most children learn to control the bladder within six months from the beginning of toilet training. To learn how to control yourself at night, you need a lot more time - months, if not years. At this time, using a special disposable underwear or mattress cover with polyethylene.
• Know when to stop. If the child resists potty training, take a break. Perhaps he is not yet ready. Please try again in a few months.

Incidents happen

Even when the child is already potty trained, unavoidable random errors. Here are some ways how to prevent them or deal with them.

• Take your time. Remind your child to the pot every time you need to relax and to release before the end of the bladder.
• Remind. Sometimes it happens that a child forgets to go to the bathroom, if the current activity for a more interesting than going to the potty. To avoid this, offer your child regular trips to the pot - after waking up, after every meal, before you leave the house and before going to bed Dreams: how to understand our dreams .
• Keep calm. Children do not forget to go to the special pot. If the child wet himself, and so he was quite upset, do not aggravate the situation, berating him.
• Be ready. You can use special absorbent underwear. Always carry a change of clothes and clothes for the child.

When to seek help

If a child who is already accustomed to the pot, suddenly ceases to use their skills, especially if it has more than 4 years - contact your doctor. Sometimes incontinence can be a symptom of the disease.

The teeth in children - it is not an easy problem. Anomalies in the growth and development of teeth and dental system anomalies all occur often enough. That is why all the children from the age of one year, periodically examines the dentist. Not all errors are subject to immediate treatment, but when and how to treat a child, you will learn from your dentist beforehand.

Milk teeth and their features

The first milk or temporary teeth appear at the age of 6-8 months, usually the two center teeth on the lower jaw (central incisors). But sometimes the first teeth in the maxilla erupt before or after a certain time. All these individually and usually included in the concept of the norm.

Milk teeth only twenty: each jaw is 4 cutter (2 left and two right, they are at the center), 2 canines (third from the center of a tooth on the right and left) and 4 molars and molars (fourth and fifth from the center of chewing teeth at two right and left). Baby teeth erupt in the following age groups:

• central incisors - from 6 to 8 months;
• lateral incisors - from 8 to 12 months;
• central molars (molars) - from year to year and 4 months;
• fangs - a year and 4 months to a year and 8 months;
• side molars (molars) - a year and 8 months to 2, 5 years.

Sometimes teething accompanied by fever, malaise, poor appetite, salivation, changes in stool and so on. Not only is any temperature increase attributed to the teething Teething: hard times It is always better to consult a doctor, so as not to miss a child for some inflammatory disease.

Milk teeth have their own characteristics: they are smaller than the permanent teeth have a bluish-white color, and a small gap between the teeth (they allow the jaw to grow constantly expanding). Often the parents are interested in the question of whether to treat milk teeth, or it is better to be removed immediately, because still grow new. However, dentists recommend to treat damaged milk teeth. The fact is that if you remove a baby tooth, long before this place will rise a constant, the adjacent teeth will move gradually and will take his place, because of the permanent tooth that will be hard to break. This feature of the dental system - the ability of the teeth to move from place to place is used by dentists to treat various dental system anomalies, such as malocclusion.

Permanent teeth in children

Gradually, the time of the formation of permanent teeth primary teeth begin to dissolve roots, this is usually 4-5 years and lasts until the change of teeth in the last 11-12 years. The gaps between the baby teeth Milk teeth - how they are formed?   increase, after which the teeth become loose and fall out one by one.

By the age of 11-13 years, all 20 primary teeth are usually replaced by permanent. In addition, under the age of 20 years are cut even further from 8 to 12 teeth - they initially constant. Total human adult from 28 to 32 teeth (located on each jaw 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 bicuspids or bicuspid tooth and 4-6 molars or molars). The difference is explained by the fact that the last teeth, so-called "eight" or "wisdom teeth", located in the dentition last to erupt is not always, as in some cases they do not have space in the dentition, or he takes the wrong position.

Terms dentition following:

• the first 5-6 years of the first molars erupt or molars - the teeth located behind the last baby teeth, they initially constant at their place of primary teeth were not;
• central incisors - 6-8 years (analogous to replace baby teeth);
• lateral incisors - 7-9 years (analogous to replace baby teeth);
• first premolars - 9-10 years (replace dairy - central molars);
• canines - 10-11 years (analogous to replace baby teeth);
• second premolar - 11-12 years (replace dairy - side molars);
• second molars - 12-14 years (permanent teeth that had no predecessors dairy);
• third molars ("wisdom teeth") - 18-20 years (but may erupt and 30 years).

Prevention of tooth decay in children

Under the caries prevention is understood in primarily oral hygiene:

• sweet child should receive a small amount and then always rinse your mouth with water - sweet food - a perfect breeding ground for bacteria that destroy teeth;
• 1, 5 - 2 years, rinse your mouth after eating;
• 2 - 2, 5 years to rinse your mouth after eating, brushing teeth with a toothbrush without toothpaste (after breakfast and before bedtime) - cleaning is carried out by parents;
• 4-5 years to rinse your mouth after eating, brushing teeth with a toothbrush Toothbrushes - make no mistake in choosing   toothpaste least 2-3 minutes once a day, making movements 200-250;
• from 5-6 years to rinse your mouth after eating, brushing teeth How to brush your teeth: interesting facts   twice daily toothbrush with any hygienic or fluoride toothpaste.

Failure to comply with oral hygiene in the teeth by the action of bacteria formed initially soft plaque, then the hard plaque (tartar), and then the teeth are gradually beginning to break down - a process called tooth decay, the first sign of which - the appearance of spots on the tooth.

As soon as the baby tooth appears spot (do not care what color) it must immediately show the dentist.

Galina Romanenko