In recent years, widespread diagnostic method such as ultrasonography (US) of the internal reproductive organs. It is distinguished not only highly informative, but also virtually no contraindications for use and safety. Ultrasonography in gynecology menopause gives you the opportunity of a total group of patients highlight the risk to be subject to further examination and dynamic control.

How can I conduct a survey with the help of ultrasound

In gynecological practice is carried ultrasound two accesses - transabdominal and transvaginal (TAS and TVS respectively). They can be applied sequentially, as a complement to each other, as well as individually. During menopause, both have access to the study of practical significance.

During the transabdominal ultrasound must provide a full bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function . Normally female internal reproductive organs is impossible to objectively see ourselves as the ultrasonic waves reflected from the contents of the active intestinal loops. In this situation, a full bladder can be called a kind of "acoustic window" that allows detailed visualization of the structure of the genital organs. To create the best acoustic contact sensor, should be further applied to the skin gel sound-conducting.

Transvaginal access research has a high resolution, as used sensors have a higher frequency, and they are in direct contact with the test body or in some tumors.

Ultrasound diagnosis of various states in menopause

For the period of menopause is characterized by a decrease in size of the ovaries along with follicular reserve. This may cause difficulties in visualization so in this age should be encouraged to study transvaginal. As the period of menopause, a decrease the size of the ovary:

• the end of the first year of their volume is 4, 5 cm3
• after five years of menopause 2, 5 cm3
• over ten years 1, 5 cm3

In identifying the woman in menopause significant increase in ovarian or asymmetrical increase, it is necessary to conduct a survey in order to exclude the presence of malignant process or neoplasm. A detailed evaluation of the structure of non-invasive body or tumors, as well as a study of its blood flow is possible using tranvaginalnogo access combined with color Doppler mapping. This allows you to bring your ultrasound to morphologically. Conducting such an ultrasound is informative in refining the nature of tumors (malignant or benign process), which further affects the choice of treatment strategy.

With the help of ultrasound in menopause necessarily assessed qualitative characteristics of the endometrium. It is of fundamental importance for the diagnosis of various pathological processes in the uterus (hyperplastic processes), which differ scarce clinical symptoms. For this age group is characterized by an average endometrial thickness of 5 mm.

As a dynamic control and correction of the medical therapy in menopausal women ultrasound is an indispensable diagnostic method.

Marina Solovyov

What is menopause

Klimkterichesky syndrome - a complex hormonal, metabolic and neuropsychiatric changes with involvement in the process of the cardiovascular system and other internal organs. This condition occurs in women on the background of a gradual reduction of hormonal activity of the ovaries and the overall restructuring of the age of the body. Climacteric syndrome - a complication of menopause (the waning sexual function), it is observed in almost half of the women.

Female reproductive system has a very complex regulation. Female sex hormones produced in the ovaries, the number controls the pituitary gland (also with the help of hormones), the activity of the pituitary gland is controlled and regulated by the Department of the brain called the hypothalamus. The latter, in turn, controlled by the cerebral cortex.

When menopause syndrome in the system failure occurs, which causes the appearance of a number of characteristic for the climacteric syndrome symptoms. Very often menopause occurs in a variety of hereditary diseases of the female reproductive system, inflammation, various chronic diseases of internal organs, vegetative-vascular dystonia.

How does menopausal syndrome

Menopausal syndrome manifested by a complex of symptoms. The most characteristic variety of vegetative and vascular symptoms: flushing, hands, neck and upper chest, severe sweating, seizures, palpitations, dizziness, headaches.

Due to the decreased secretion of sex hormone metabolism is disturbed and Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting , Resulting in the skin becomes dry, hair loses shine and become brittle, genital mucosa becomes thinner and is vulnerable, muscles lose their elasticity, which can cause, such as incontinence. Disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, blood may appear high sugar content. Violation of mineral metabolism arises from the fact that the bones lose calcium and become brittle, prone to fractures (osteoporosis).

There may be a significant neuro-psychiatric disorders such as emotional instability (laughing a woman can go instantly to tears and vice versa), varying performance, which is largely dependent on the mood swings. Often there are different sensory disturbances: feeling "pins and needles on the body ', numbness, itching and tingling in certain areas of the body. This often leads a woman to believe that she was gravely and terminally ill, against this background, there are depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood . The reason for the depression can be minor and the circumstances of life, and sometimes they arise at all without an external cause. In some cases, there are hysterical reactions in the form of the desire to attract the attention of others, and so on. Significant disturbances may arise from the drives, such as sexual desire, or may significantly worse or disappear altogether.

Adrift distinguish typical, atypical and complicated forms of climacteric syndrome. A typical form occurs in most women and manifests the typical hot flashes to the face and neck, and excessive sweating. When atypical form other than those described symptoms can appear such conditions as high blood pressure, allergic diseases, disorders of the heart muscle. Some women who previously suffered peredmenstrualnym syndrome, atypical form manifests the appearance of periodic (via well-defined intervals) signs of menopausal syndrome. Complicated forms of climacteric syndrome is characterized by a combination of other chronic diseases of internal organs and systems, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and endocrine diseases.

Climacteric syndrome can occur with varying degrees of severity. The first time the severity of climacteric syndrome or lung condition of the woman is not too disrupted. Basically it experiences no more than ten "Tide" in the day. With the average severity (second degree) is derived from 10 to 20 "tide" in conjunction with other signs of menopausal syndrome. In severe (third degree) climacteric syndrome disturbed general condition and performance of women, "tides" follow one another.

Diagnosis and treatment of climacteric syndrome

Diagnosis is based on characteristic symptoms of the disease and laboratory data - blood on hormones is investigated.

Treatment depends on the severity of menopausal syndrome. In milder forms, it is enough non-drug therapies: a balanced diet, daily long walks in the fresh air, gymnastics, physiotherapy treatments (electric, electrophoresis with novocaine Novocaine - why it is so popular in medicine?   on the collar zone), therapeutic baths and showers.

With the average severity of the disease in addition to all the above prescribed sedatives, if necessary - means of lowering blood pressure, relieves spasms of blood vessels and internal organs.

In severe menopausal symptoms, hormone replacement therapy is appointed Hormone therapy - is it possible to fool nature? .

If a woman showed signs of menopausal symptoms, it is best to consult a doctor in a timely manner to reduce their appearance.

Galina Romanenko