What are fungal diseases of the skin

Pathogens of fungal infections of the skin are plant mikoroorganizmy (mushrooms). Infection occurs in contact with healthy human patients or animals, as well as articles comprising the elements of the fungus.

Depending on the depth of penetration of the infection into the skin is isolated:

• fungal diseases in which fungi are located in the uppermost layer of the epidermis - the stratum corneum not affect hair and nails; so-called keratomikozy example, pityriasis versicolor Ringworm - not only infectious disease ;
• Mushrooms are located in the deeper layers of the epidermis, causing a pronounced inflammatory reaction, striking the hair and nails; This fungal stop microsporia, trichophytosis and favus;
• deep mycoses in which besides the skin and mucous in the pathological process involved muscles, bones, and internal organs.

In a separate group include candidiasis, which are the cause of yeast-like fungi. They affect the mucous membranes, skin, nails and internal organs.

Chromophytosis

Pityriasis (multicolored) Shingles appears pinkish-brown spots with easy defurfuration on the skin of the neck, back and chest. Especially notable spots are after sun, staying light on the background of pigmented skin. The main source of infection are wooden sunbeds or beach sand, which shortly before the healthy person was ill, as well as bed linen or underclothes that were in contact with the skin of the patient. The disease is not very contagious and occurs mostly in people with excessive sweating and the chemical composition of sweat. Children up to seven years is not found. When it occurs externally applied 3% salicylic alcohol and sulfuric ointment.

Athlete's foot

Athlete's foot are common. Usually infected in baths, swimming pools, showers, gyms, where the skin of a healthy person gets sick epidermis flakes containing the elements of the fungus. The interdigital folds appear peeling, then Moisture arise erosion. On the arch of the foot - the bubbles, peeling. The nails become thickened, deformed, become brittle.

To prevent athlete's foot, do not use someone else's shoes, do not go in the pool or in the bath Sauna and health: the benefits and harms of bath procedures   barefoot. After the pool should take a shower and carefully wipe the skin, especially in the folds. To prevent the skin can be cleaned with a stop means or antifungal creams to lubricate appropriate. Houses in the bathroom should not keep rubber mats or wooden lattice, which get along well with mushrooms. If athlete's foot appeared even so, after conducted treatment by a dermatologist should be carefully prodizenfitsirovat all second-hand shoes: to grease the inside surface of the swab How to use sanitary pad - basic precautions Soaked in 70-80% acetic acid (the hands do not touch - can cause burns), then each pair of shoes to put in a plastic bag for 24 hours, tying him well. A day shoes removed, dried and ventilated.

Microsporia

Microsporia caused by two fungal species, one of which is contagious only for the person (rare type), the other - for people and for animals. Therefore, in the first case, the disease occurs when you use other people's hats and combs, in the second - from sick cats, dogs or the objects containing the elements of the fungus.

When microsporia to smooth the skin appear specific pockets of rounded shape with a roller on the periphery of the fused bubbles, nodules and crusts. On the scalp foci of rounded shapes also have clear boundaries with little peeling on the surface. Hair broken off, as if clipped. Above the surface of the skin sticking short (4-5 mm) hemp hair covered with a whitish bloom fungus.

Treatment microsporia Microsporia - threatening fungal infection   It provides only a dermatologist, fraught with long-term treatment course with the accession of complications in the form of various infections.

To prevent microsporia need to observe the following rules:

• no contact with stray animals;
• I do not wear other people's hats and clothing.

At the first signs of the disease can not be children attend kindergarten. Domestic cats and dogs, which were the possible cause of the disease, should not be thrown out of the house (to infect others!), They need to be treated in a veterinary hospital. Objects that come into contact with patients, disinfect, and lost hair burned.

Remember! Dermatologists can not be master of self-instruction manual. Basic basic knowledge you need for the prevention of skin diseases. Well, if there was any skin rash, it is best to consult a doctor, dermatologist.

Galina Romanenko

What are warts and why they occur

Warts - a benign tumor of viral origin. The causative agents are various types of human papilloma viruses. Of transmission occurs through contact with the patient and through objects, which he enjoyed. Under the influence of pathogen infection occurs proliferation of the outer layers of the skin with the violation of keratinization cells. There are vulgar, plantar, flat and genital warts.

Contributing factors to the appearance of warts are all causes of decline in the body's defenses: stress, trauma, excessive sweating feet and hands, frequent colds, chronic diseases and so on.

Long existing and subjected to constant injury warts (mostly plantar and genital) can be malignant (turn into malignant tumors.

Vulgar warts

Vulgar warts are single or multiple nodules with a diameter of 3-10 mm and more rounded, gray-pink or yellowish color with convex growths and increased cornification cells (hyperkeratosis) on the surface.

Offers simple warts on any part of the skin, usually on the back of the hands and feet. These warts tend to merge into large pockets.

Plantar warts

Plantar warts - is limited dense painful education rounded shape with pronounced horny layers or crater-like depressions (deeper form of plantar warts).

Plantar warts are located mostly on the feet in heels, and at the base of the toes.

Flat (Youth) warts

Flat (Youth) warts look like flattened multiple small nodules, slightly protruding above the surface of the skin. They usually are located on the rear of the hands, forearms, face, lips red border, sometimes on the mucous membrane of the mouth.

Genital Warts

Genital warts or genital warts are caused by oncogenic (cancer-causing) virus and most are located in the area mezhyagodichnoy folds in the skin of the perineum, external genitalia. The appearance of genital warts promote excretion, resulting in inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. It is also possible sexual transmission of the infection.

At first, genital warts are soft peaked nodules, which tend to merge into a tumor-like conglomerates with a surface resembling a cock's comb, or cauliflower. The continued existence of genital warts can cause cervical cancer Cervical cancer: possible cure   among women.

Diagnosis of warts

The diagnosis is usually not in doubt, but sometimes it is carried out the study clarify the wart tissue cells (histological examination). Genital warts are often similar to some symptoms of syphilis (condylomata lata), so in such cases is carried out blood tests for syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus .

Treatment of warts

Treatment of warts is held in the office of dermatologist. When individual warts are removed in different ways, the most common of which - electrocautery, freezing with liquid nitrogen and removal by means of radio waves (apparatus Surgitron).

Remove the warts can also kolhaminovoy their lubricating ointment, a concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide, podophyllin suspension in liquid paraffin, salicylic acid.

When long-existing plantar warts conduct surgical excision (scalpel), laser excision. Sometimes plantar warts cut away antiviral medications (eg, interferon).

When multiple warts recommended antiviral therapy in conjunction with local treatment of warts. In the treatment of genital warts Treatment of genital warts   used antiviral drugs Antivirals - basic classification   in combination with surgical treatments: electrocoagulation, the influence of liquid nitrogen (cryodestruction), surgical excision or lubrication various drugs (eg solutions podofillina or resorcinol with formaldehyde).

Remember to treat the warts yourself is very dangerous, since they can be traumatizing to turn into malignant tumors.

  Galina Romanenko