Hyperthyroidism - it is not a disease but a symptom of various diseases of the thyroid gland, accompanied by increased secretion of its hormones (thyroid hormone). Therefore, the main manifestations of these diseases are similar. In order to establish an accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment requires a full examination of the patient.
Which diseases can develop hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is most often develops on the background of diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, multinodular goiter, whose nodes contain cells, intensely producing thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is also often develops in toxic thyroid adenoma - a benign tumor, the cells that actively synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones.
Features of action of thyroid hormones on the human body
The main thyroid hormones are thyroxine
Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone
(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are synthesized in cells from the prostate of inorganic iodine supplied in the diet, and tyrosine. What matters is the content in the blood of the pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), the level of which is reduced in hyperthyroidism always.
Under the action of thyroid hormone accelerates all types of metabolism: protein metabolism is accelerated with a predominance of decay processes of protein (muscles lose protein, this results in the loss of working capacity) and the accumulation of toxic products in the blood produced by the decay of protein. Accelerated metabolism of fat - this leads to a reduction in blood cholesterol. Thyroid hormones also affect carbohydrate metabolism, increasing glycogen breakdown and reducing its holdings in the liver (strategic reserves of energy - from liver glycogen with a lack of energy produced glucose).
All this leads to the revitalization of the work of all other organs and systems. First of all this stimulation effect on the state of the cardiovascular system: the body's cells require more oxygen and heart has often reduced in order to bring the tissues necessary amount. With overvoltage operate and all other organs. All of these characteristics are reflected in the metabolic state of the patient.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism usually appear and grow gradually. Initially, the patient becomes irritable, sometimes aggressive, but the mood at the same time is very changeable and aggressiveness often gives way to tears or laughter. Increases anxiety
Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease?
, Suspiciousness, appear unreasonable fears, disrupted the process of falling asleep and night of sleep in general.
These symptoms are joining tremor (shaking), sweating, constant low-grade fever (low-grade fever - the patient hardly suffers heat). The appetite of patients with hyperthyroidism increased, but due to the rapid metabolism they lose weight. In some diseases, patients on the background of hyperthyroidism may gain weight - it arises from the fact that fat cells lose their sensitivity to thyroid hormones.
Very characteristic symptom appears on the part of the cardiovascular system. First of all, it is a constant tachycardia
Tachycardia - the body to the limit?
(including the rest), do not remove the receiving cardiac glycosides, if not appointed by the drugs that inhibit the secretion of thyroid hormones. Almost always there is an abnormal heart rhythm, until the atrial fibrillation - very frequent irregular heartbeat. Under the influence of hormones having seizures spasms of the coronary arteries (the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle) - this gives rise to attacks of angina - severe short-term pain in the heart.
With long flowing hyperthyroidism appear characteristic changes of view. In the eyes of a feverish gleam appears, flashing becoming rare, eye slit wide open, eyeballs bulge (exophthalmos), appear. tearing, decreased visual acuity.
Hyperthyroid crisis
If the patient is not treated, it can eventually develop hyperthyroid crisis - a serious condition that requires emergency care. Often these crises occur against a background of increased neuropsychiatric loads and stresses.
It begins with a sudden crisis of strong excitation of the patient, which in some cases is accompanied by delusions
Brad - not only crazy
and hallucinations. At the same time, you may receive a shiver throughout the body, severe weakness (sudden blood pressure drops), mental retardation. The temperature rises (the signs of inflammation is not detected) is amplified tachycardia start vomiting and diarrhea, urine odor appears acetone. Disturbed liver function (jaundice), and adrenal glands.
Hyperthyroid crisis can result in coma and death of the patient from cardiovascular disease (often from pulmonary edema), acute liver or adrenal insufficiency.
Hyperthyroidism - it is not a disease but only a sign of elevated blood level of thyroid hormones. What disease caused hyperthyroidism to be seen during examination of the patient.
Galina Romanenko