Blood sugar - a very important indicator - Diabetes

Blood sugar in diabetes

Blood sugar in diabetes increased. Fasting he consistently higher than 5, 6 mmol / l and postprandial two hours are not returned to normal.

Signs of blood sugar - is a constant thirst, dry mouth, dry skin and mucous membranes, excessive urination. One of the early signs of increased sugar can be reduced immunity - the appearance of boils, pustules on the skin, frequent colds, cystitis, thrush and so on.

If the patient's blood sugar in diabetes reaches a certain level (average - 8-11 mmol / l), it begins to separate urine. Therefore, the blood sugar level at which it begins to appear in the urine, is called the threshold. For each patient the individual level, and it should know it - at schools teach diabetes patients control their sugar. If you can not control blood sugar, its loss in the urine lead to energy-hungry - a lack of glucose in the body manifested by lethargy, weakness, sleepiness, decreased performance.

Diabetic coma in patients with diabetes type I and II takes place in different ways. If the blood sugar continues to rise, then when the level of 12-15 mmol / L in patients with type I diabetes and impaired metabolism of fat in the blood appear toxic products of fat metabolism - ketone bodies (acetone). Acetone is also released from the urine and the lungs - breath is persistent smell of acetone. This leads to an increase in the acidity of tissue - acidosis and high intoxication, it is manifested by nausea, vomiting, headaches. At the same time the body together with the sugar loses a lot of fluids (sugar attracts fluid) - dehydration occurs. If the patient is not at such a time to help in the form of insulin, he will lose consciousness - will begin on the type of diabetic coma ketoacidosis.

In patients with diabetes mellitus type II diabetic coma takes place on a different type. When the blood sugar level Blood sugar - one of the main indicators of human health   reaches 45-55 mmol / L comes a sharp dehydration and coma. Acetone in the blood and urine of these patients does not happen.

Alcohol and blood sugar

Spirits help to reduce blood sugar. This happens due to the fact that the process is blocked conversion of liver glycogen to glucose. This can be very dangerous, especially for diabetics, as it causes a significant reduction in blood sugar Lowering blood sugar - not as good as it seems   (hypoglycemia), but not immediately, but after some time. Often, by the time when developing hypoglycemia, the patient falls asleep and his dream can safely go into hypoglycemic coma.

Hypoglycemic coma develops very quickly - the basis of its symptoms constitute signs of starvation of brain cells, which can not exist without glucose. As you know, in the brain are all the main centers responsible for vital functions of the body - heart sosuditsy, breathing and so on. When the influence of alcohol is a depression of the respiratory center. If his cells will lack even and glucose, the patient's death will come very quickly.

Patients with diabetes can not eat and sweet wines - it will increase the blood sugar. When diabetes is not recommended to drink alcohol.

Control of blood sugar - it gives?

Now it is believed that diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   - It is not a disease but a way of life. And so it is. If you constantly maintain acceptable level of blood sugar, complications do not develop and the person can lead a normal life.

But for sugar level does not exceed the permissible limits, it must be constantly monitored. Such control is carried out periodically in the laboratory of a medical institution and constantly - by the patient at home. In type I diabetes, depending on the blood sugar level control is carried out by three - four to two measurement of blood sugar level before eating to a short insulin administration. Patients with type II diabetes should monitor blood sugar at least - two or three times a week.

If the blood sugar level exceeds the threshold (this is their individual indicators for each patient must be known), it is necessary to measure the sugar in urine and acetone.

In order to certainly create a picture of blood sugar levels over time, patients donating blood for the determination of glycated hemoglobin in it (HbA1c - norm - 4, 5-6, 5%). It was found that a part is connected to the hemoglobin present in plasma glucose to form glycosylated hemoglobin. It is the greater, the higher the blood sugar. Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood sugar over the past three months.

This continuous monitoring allows a timely manner to compensate for carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes will be uneventful.

The amount of sugar in the blood as an indicator of diabetes mellitus compensation

The criteria for compensation in diabetes 1 and type 2:

• good compensation: fasting glucose 4, 5-6, 0 mmol / l, two hours after meals 7, 5-8, 0 mg / dL before bedtime 6, 0-7, 0 mmol / L, HbA1c - less than 6, 5%;
• average payment: fasting glucose 6, 1-6, 5 mmol / l, two hours after meals 8, 1-9, 0 mg / dL before bedtime 7, 1-7, 5 mmol / l, HbA1c - 6, 5 -7, 5%;
• decompensation (no compensation) fasting glucose - a 6, 5 mmol / l, two hours after a meal - more than 9 0 mmol / l before bedtime Dreams: how to understand our dreams   - More than 7, 5 mmol / l, HbA1c - greater than 7 5%.

Impaired glucose tolerance - what is it?

Glucose tolerance - is the degree of susceptibility of glucose into cells of tissues. In diabetes type II, she is broken. Previously, there was such a thing as pre-diabetes, today, this condition is called impaired glucose tolerance.

If the blood glucose level is lower than diabetes, and there are no signs of the disease, to detect diabetes performed glucose tolerance test (OGTT). To do this, first take the patient fasting blood with a single dose of 75 g of glucose and re-taking of the blood in two hours.

If impaired glucose tolerance parameters fasting blood sugar should be lower than diabetes (below 6 and 7 mmol / l), and two hours after administration of glucose - lie between normal values ​​and figures, typical of diabetes (7, 8 -11, 1 mmol / l).

These figures indicate that type II diabetes yet, but it can develop, as in the tissue cells develop a violation of tolerance (susceptibility) to glucose. At the same time the risk of type II diabetes increases significantly with a combination of several risk factors: impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, laboratory criteria for disorders of lipid metabolism (increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood), high blood pressure.

However, if at this stage begin to live a healthy lifestyle, a diet with the exception of carbohydrate and animal fat, get rid of excess body weight, maintain normal blood pressure in the blood cholesterol level, a predisposition to diabetes does not go into the disease.