Human endocrine system

All the human endocrine system is built on the principle of interdependent .  Certain hormones that affect the human organs and tissues, are produced by the endocrine glands, for example, the gonads (ovaries and testes), thyroid, etc. .  The main endocrine gland - the pituitary gland located in the brain, it produces hormones that influence the production of hormones other endocrine glands, so all pituitary hormones have the ending "tropic", that is affecting the determination of iron .  For example, gonadotropic hormones affect the sex glands, thyroid - thyroid, etc. .  With the lack of development of endocrine glands, the pituitary gland produces hormones tropic hormones more they stimulate the activity of the "slave" named glands .  But this process of interdependent: if the "subordinate" ductless glands produce many hormones, it inhibits the production of the corresponding pituitary hormones .

Coordinates all these activities part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces its hormones can inhibit or stimulate the activity and pituitary and other endocrine glands. For example, the hypothalamus produces a hormone called gonadotropin-releasing factor (GRF), which regulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn influence the gonads (ovaries and testes).

The mechanism of action Diferelin

Diferelin (INN - triptorelin) - is an antineoplastic agent, a synthetic analogue of gonadotropin releasing factor (GRF) - hormone from the hypothalamus, which blocks the gonadotropic pituitary function and reduces blood levels of sex hormones to postcastration level, ie its effect is equivalent to the removal of gonads (castration).

Since the sex glands stimulate the growth of hormone-dependent tumors, for the suppression of the growth is needed to minimize the action of sex hormones, which makes diferilin. The maximum effect is 3 weeks, menstruation usually occurs not earlier than 3 months after the last injection.

Indications and contraindications

Diferelin indicated for the treatment of various diseases and conditions, which are stimulated by male and female sex hormones:

• endometriosis (proliferation of endometrium portions in other tissues, e.g., in the muscle of the uterus);
• uterine fibroids (a benign tumor, increasing under the influence of female sex hormones) - to reduce the size of the tumor before it is surgically removing;
• advanced ovarian carcinoma of epithelial origin;
• prostate cancer (for suppressing testosterone secretion);
• precocious puberty;
• to suppress their own hormonal activity of the ovaries prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) - creating an artificial (controlled) hormones.

Treatment Diferelin performed under ultrasound (ultrasound), the amount of hormones in the blood and only after exclusion of pregnancy.

Contraindications for use Diferelin are:

• Hypersensitivity to the drug;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• hormone-adenoma (benign tumor) and prostate cancer;
• state after removal of the prostate;
• osteoporosis (loss of bone calcium, which makes bones thin and fragile) - it develops with a lack of sex hormones;
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding the child.

Side effects

When treating Diferelin may experience the following side effects:

• from the genitals: decreased sex drive, impotence Impotence - a female perspective on the problem , Vaginal dryness Vaginal dryness: Causes and Symptoms Pain during intercourse, genikomastiya (breast enlargement in men);
• from other bodies: hot flashes with sweating, slight bone demineralization, headache, sleep disturbances Dreams: how to understand our dreams , Fast and frequent changes of mood, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Depression (continuous low mood), fatigue, sensory disturbances, blurred vision, muscle pain, back pain, nausea, increased cholesterol levels, abnormal liver function, local allergic reaction (redness and itching at the injection site).

During treatment Diferelin not take hormonal contraceptives.

Treatment of patients with type I diabetes

Reduce the sugar content in the blood with the help of diet in patients with type I diabetes can not be. The only treatment for such patients is insulin. Such treatment is both to prevent complications of diabetes.

Today they say that diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   - It is not a disease but a way of life. It is assumed that a person with diabetes should know everything about him. He must constantly several times a day to control blood sugar and be able to take immediate action when a sudden increase or decrease. Just a clear view of the fact that a stable, below the threshold level, blood sugar can provide a normal life without complications. In order to educate the patients with diabetes are special schools.

The most appropriate drug for compensation of carbohydrate metabolism and its dosage to the patient chooses a doctor - a lot of insulin today is available as a long and fast acting. But after the selection of drugs and doses required strict control of blood sugar, it can only exercise the patient. Thus, the patient himself, under the supervision of a doctor monitors their condition and efficiency of treatment.

Treating high blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes

Elevated levels of blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes require a completely different treatment strategies. Insulin in this case is not applicable - in most cases it is sufficient in the patient's blood. The main recommendations for the treatment of such patients are diet and healthy lifestyle, with a maximum (in accordance with the age and state of health), physical activity, including the conduct of medical gymnastics. Another recommendation is a mandatory weight loss if the patient is obese.

All of this has a positive effect on the course of diabetes and helps to maintain a stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, with a marked reduction of excess body weight. Regular practice of physiotherapy contribute to the normalization of fat metabolism, improves blood circulation in the capillaries, beneficial effects on the nervous system. In most cases this is enough for the normalization of metabolism and blood sugar levels.

But sometimes still have to appoint and medication. Drug treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type II involves the use of drugs of different groups that can help reduce blood sugar levels in a particular patient. Selection of drugs carries endocrinologist.

Today, the treatment of type II diabetes used drugs affecting the reduced absorption of carbohydrates in the gastro-intestinal tract (acarbose), biguanides (metformin), insulin sensitayzery or glitazones (pioglitazone) and agents that stimulate insulin secretion.

For drugs that stimulate insulin secretion The principles of action of insulin - the science of saving lives Include: sulfonylurea drugs II generation (glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, gliquidone), sulfonylurea drugs generation III (glimepiride), and also preparations - amino acid derivatives (repaglinide and nateglinide - they are regulators of blood glucose content Glucose: The energy source   insulin secretagogues or short-acting).

Sometimes using these drugs reduce the sugar fails. Typically, this is due to impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic cells Diabetes and pancreas - the things you need to know . In this case, use the combination treatment: appointment of tablet formulations for the treatment of type II diabetes in combination with the introduction of the average duration of the night, or twice a day.

Increased blood sugar - prevention

Prevention of high blood sugar is only possible with type II diabetes. Prevention of diabetes is a healthy lifestyle, moderate exercise, giving up sedentary lifestyle, diet with the maximum reduction in the diet of foods that increase blood sugar and impaired lipid metabolism - easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fat.

At the same time should monitor their weight - in the second half of his life he usually rises due to the fact that physical activity decreases, and daily calorie intake remains the same.

Pay particular attention to their health should be treated the people who have close relatives with diabetes. In addition to all the above preventive measures they should periodically visit the clinic and check blood sugar levels.

Diabetes - a disease that needs to completely change your lifestyle.

Galina Romanenko