It is now believed that the hyperplasia of the inner layer of the uterus (the endometrium) - this is not a local process, and one of the manifestations of common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women. Such representations involve entirely new approaches to the treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer of the endometrium.

What is atypical endometrial hyperplasia

This term in our country is practically not used. But he approximates adenomatous hypertrophy endometrial atypia. So called overgrowth of uterine lining, when the tissue is dominated by external changes cancer in which there are abnormal cells. Atypical cells - are cells that change their properties and acquired a kind, unusual for tissue cells, from which they evolved. This is the first sign of the degeneration of endometrial hyperplasia Hyperplasia endometrial cancer - requires timely detection and treatment   in cancer (adenocarcinoma) of the endometrium.

How to distinguish hyperplasia Hyperplasia - do not be afraid   the initial stage of cancer? The mucous membrane of the uterus is composed of two layers: the basal, which is predominantly connective tissue (it is attached directly to the muscle layer of the uterus) and the function in which the predominant epithelium. During menstruation rejected only the functional layer of the endometrium, and he also grows under the influence of female hormones estrogen hyperplasia. Basal layer (stroma) remains unchanged and is a source of regeneration for the outer layer. Atypical changes in endometrial hyperplasia may be only in the functional layer. If the abnormal cells appear in the basal layer, then it is a sign of endometrial cancer.

How and why developing

The disease begins with hormonal disturbances accompany the menstrual cycle. Called it the dysfunction of the system of the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus (a brain region responsible for the endocrine system) - the pituitary gland (the main endocrine gland, which regulates the activity of other glands) - ovaries.

There is such an imbalance at the expense of complex metabolic and endocrine disorders in women, the mechanism of which is currently not fully understood. What matters is the presence of a woman's obesity, diabetes, thyroid disease and so on.

All this causes an increase in secretion of female hormones estrogen (hormone they provide support for the first half of the menstrual cycle) and the reduction or complete absence of the female sex hormone progesterone, which is required in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

Estrogens promote sprawl (proliferation) of the endometrium and progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   inhibits proliferation and "triggers" phase secretion, which ultimately prepares the uterine lining for the introduction of the embryo. If pregnancy does not occur, hormone support falls and the mucous membrane is rejected. But this is normal.

Hypertrophy of endometrial secretion phase No mucosa continues to grow, and when estrogen becomes small, it is rejected, often gradually portions, which leads to copious prolonged menstrual bleeding. Some portions mucosa rejected and intermenstrual period, which also causes bleeding.

In addition, without the second half of the menstrual cycle does not ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? And, therefore, can not and pregnancy.

Eventually mucosa changes its properties, it appears the modified cancer (adenomatosis) followed in these glands appear abnormal (abnormal) cells - an indication of a precancerous condition.

How to treat atypical endometrial hyperplasia

The main one is the timely detection of the disease or the initial stages of cancer when the abnormal cells first appeared in the basal layer of the endometrium. Therefore, all menstrual disorders should be immediately investigated. To this end, women spend first ultrasound examination of the uterus, and then, if the identified changes - endoscopy (hysteroscopy).

Hysteroscopy can be diagnostic and therapeutic. The most common diagnostic hysteroscopy, when the doctor examines the eye optical equipment increased endometrium becomes therapeutic, ie, the endometrium is removed. But this is not always done. In the childbearing years are now trying to use mainly hormone therapy: the suppression of estrogen secretion using drugs with antiestrogenic properties, progestogen (progesterone synthetic analogues) or analogues Riesling-hormones of the hypothalamus (they suppress the secretion of pituitary hormones).

If fertility is not required to maintain, the ablation is carried out of the mucous membrane of the uterus - the complete destruction of it in various ways with the basal layer, after which the endometrium is not restored. It held as subsequent hormonal correction.

To prevent endometrial cancer should promptly identify and treat any violation of the menstrual cycle of women.

Galina Romanenko

Endometriosis - a disease associated with endocrine disorders. Pains thus appear in the second half of the menstrual cycle, they can occur at any site of endometriosis. But the most severe pain associated with endometriosis uterine body.

The reason for the pain associated with endometriosis

Endometriosis - a disease associated with the violation of cyclical secretion of female hormones. The disease begins with what is produced by a large number of female sex hormone estrogen, which grows under the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium), but not enough, or does not produce another hormone - progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology Which suppresses the growth of the endometrium, causing it to secrete.

If progesterone is small, the endometrium is growing strongly, and when the amount of estrogen in the blood decreases, begins to be torn away. Rejection is slow, followed by necrosis (dying away) of individual sections of the endometrium, pain and heavy bleeding.

This process helps thrown at endometrial cells in the muscle layer of the uterus and development of areas where the endometrium - this is the manifestation of endometriosis. Lots of endometriosis can develop in any of the organs and tissues, throw-back to the current menstrual blood or the blood vessels. All areas of endometriosis undergo the same cyclical changes as the normal endometrium in the uterus, which is accompanied by pain.

Pain in endometriosis uterine body

Endometriosis uterine body is accompanied by intense pain, which are called algodismenorei. Pain begins simultaneously with the appearance of bleeding Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology , Cramping in nature and are accompanied by bleeding. The combination of severe pain and prolonged heavy bleeding is the main symptom of endometriosis Symptoms of endometriosis - can be very different   the body of the uterus.

In some cases the pain are constant aching in nature, their intensity can then increase, then decrease. When sexual intercourse pain intensifies.

Pain in endometriosis of vaginal part of the cervix

With this type of endometriosis pain occur less frequently and are moderate. However, in some women the pain can be very powerful - it all depends on inherited the individual and sensitivity to pain.

Pain in endometriosis retrotservikalnogo space

Retrotservikalnogo space is located on the rear wall of the cervical canal and adjacent to the rectum. This is the most painful form of endometriosis, as it often grows into the rectum and the vagina, hitting located in this area the nerve plexus. Pain can thus be permanent very strong.

Localized pain in the pelvic area, and given into the rectum, vagina, perineum. If it affects the nerve plexus, pain in the lumbosacral region. During menstruation, the pain intensified and made unbearable. Sex life sometimes completely eliminated because of severe pain.

Pain in endometriosis of the vagina

Pain in endometriosis of the vagina depends on the depth of destruction of its walls and involvement in the adjacent organs. So, superficial endometriosis of the vagina is not usually accompanied by severe pain. With deep lesions of the vaginal wall pain during menstruation appear inside the vagina and abdomen, as well as during sexual intercourse.

This type of endometriosis is also inclined to germinate in the other organs. With the defeat of the pelvis, perineum and rectum are growing pains. With the spread of the front wall of the vagina there are frequent painful urination.

Pain in the ovarian endometriosis

With this type of endometriosis may experience severe pain in the form of attacks on the background of menstruation, but usually not in each menstrual cycle. Such pains are usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sometimes loss of consciousness.

Since long flowing endometriosis Endometriosis - a serious problem with serious consequences   endometrioid ovarian cysts are often formed, sometimes there is their spontaneous perforation (violation of the integrity of the wall), which leads to very severe pain and internal bleeding pattern - weakness, pallor, loss of consciousness. This condition requires emergency surgery.

Pain in endometriosis fallopian tubes

The pain of endometriosis occur in the fallopian tubes rupture of the pipe on the background of an ectopic pregnancy. This is a very frequent complication of this type of endometriosis, as the pipes develop adhesions, which prevents the passage of the fertilized egg into the uterus.

Rupture of the fallopian tube is accompanied by severe sudden ("dagger"), pain in the groin area on the affected side. At the same time usually develops severe internal bleeding and the woman unconscious from loss of blood. This condition also requires emergency medical care.

Pain in endometriosis are always associated with the menstrual cycle.

Galina Romanenko