What kokkobatsillyarnaya flora? Coccobacilli called bacteria, which in its form is a cross between cocci and bacilli. Best known for the majority of the representatives of the people of this category of bacteria - Haemophilus influenzae (Hib causes it) gardenerella vaginalis (the causative agent of bacterial vaginosis), and Chlamydia trachomatis - Chlamydia pathogen.

Abundant flora kokkobatsillyarnaya smear can be a sign of bacterial vaginosis, or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). These disorders develop when the delicate balance of microorganisms living in the environment of the vagina, is changing, and it begin to dominate coccobacilli that are potential pathogens. When this is due to the bacteria spreading sexually causes of the disease are evident, however, is not always possible to establish precisely because of what developed bacterial vaginosis - a common disorder, which affects hundreds of millions of women on the planet.

Often, STIs and bacterial vaginosis are closely linked: because vaginosis the pH of the vagina changes, resulting in a natural barrier, which to some extent protects healthy women against infections, is becoming weaker. There's also a different situation: STDs are treated with antibiotics, the balance of vaginal flora The microflora of the vagina: purity   It is broken, and there are beginning to multiply coccobacilli. Also found kokkobatsillyarnaya flora men - they have it for a long time often does not cause any symptoms, but some men at the same time may unknowingly transmit harmful bacteria to their sexual partners.

Kokkobatsillyarnaya flora in stool is usually a sign of a dysbacteriosis Signs of dysbiosis - depend on the localization process   - A disorder associated with an imbalance of microflora in the gut.

Causes

If the causes of sexually transmitted diseases, in general, everything is clear, the origins of bacterial vaginosis is still causing a lot of questions of experts. Studies have shown that women having multiple sex partners increases the likelihood of abundant flora and kokkobatsillyarnoy development of bacterial vaginosis. It was also noted that the violation often develops in women who have recently had a new partner. At the same time prove that pathogens of bacterial vaginosis is transmitted only through sexual contact, it was not possible. Thus, the simultaneous treatment of a woman who has been diagnosed vaginosis and its partner, apparently does not reduce the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis in the same patient in the future - even under the condition that it will not have sexual contact with other people.

Scientists suggest that, in addition to direct sexual intercourse, there may be other mechanisms which lead to the development of bacterial vaginosis. For example, semen can block the proliferation of lactobacilli, thus indirectly contributing to the predominance in the microflora of the vagina coccobacilli. Other factors that can lead to an imbalance of vaginal microflora - the use of intrauterine devices and douching Douching - a controversial procedure . It is also assumed that the development of bacterial vaginosis may be related to hormonal, since the disease occurs mainly in women of reproductive age.

Goiter, one sign of which is kokkobatsillyarnaya flora can be caused by taking antibiotics (likelihood of developing dysbiosis increases if the patient is taking antibiotics for a long time), and such disorders as gastritis, pancreatitis, various intestinal diseases, immunodeficiency. Sometimes dysbacteriosis develops after operations on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment

If a woman is found in a smear kokkobatsillyarnaya flora, it is usually prescribed additional diagnostic procedures, such as blood or urine. If you suspect a dysbacteriosis also required further examination, during which can be carried out as the various assays and methods used in medical imaging.

In bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis - sex is not recommended   the drug of first choice is metronidazole - usually recommend taking 500 mg twice a day for one week. It can also be used with clindamycin ointment or gel with metronidazole. Formulations for topical application cause fewer side effects than the tablets for oral administration. Efficacy of treatment using both tablets and ointments is from 85% to 95%.

For the treatment of dysbacteriosis in some cases, a correct diet (it should prevail dairy products, fresh vegetables and fruits, and other foods of plant origin), and for some time to take probiotics. However, if the development of dysbiosis associated with bacterial intestinal infection may require treatment with antibiotics and / or bacteriophages.

Most often hypoplastic uterus is an indication of general infantilism - underdevelopment girls. In most cases, early detection is treated. If the disease is congenital in nature, to restore the normal state of the uterus is not possible. But even with such congenital defects woman can be a mother, if she survived ovarian function.

The causes of uterine hypoplasia

Hypoplasia of the uterus - is the underdevelopment of the uterus. The uterus in women of childbearing age in this case is smaller than normal. The reason for this condition is the disruption of the endocrine system. Maturing female genital tract is influenced by the female hormones estrogen that produce ovaries. In turn, the activity of the ovaries and pituitary gland is regulated by the hypothalamus, located in the brain. Pituitary gland - is the main endocrine glands, it regulates the function of all glands, which in turn have a feedback effect on the pituitary gland.

Hypoplasia of the uterus may occur at a lesion of any link in the chain: the ovaries, pituitary, hypothalamus and other endocrine glands (especially thyroid). Therefore, in order to identify the cause of the disease, a woman must be thoroughly examined.

Hypoplasia of the uterus can be of varying degrees. Extreme hypoplasia - germ uterus. The length of the uterus reaches a maximum of 3 cm at a rate of an adult nulliparous women - 7 cm. It is a congenital abnormality that can not be recovered. Infantile uterus or baby has a length of from 3 to 5, 5 cm and teenagers - 5, 5 to 7 cm.

Even with a normal length (7 cm) in the uterus hypoplasia has a number of changes that will prevent conception, pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, the body of the uterus is smaller than normal, and the neck long, the body of the uterus is tilted anteriorly (this is typical of childhood), and fallopian tubes are long and winding.

Hypoplasia of the uterus can often develop in chronically ill children, when used as a teenager toxic substances (alcohol, drugs, smoking), using strict diets to lose weight, frequent stress, high physical and mental stress and so on.

Symptoms of uterine hypoplasia

Hypoplasia of the uterus should be suspected in violation of puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path   girl. Her long absence of secondary sexual characteristics (body hair and distribution of fat on the female type, the development of the mammary glands) and menstruation. Menstruation in these girls begin at 14-16 years old, and sometimes later. They are usually irregular, very painful (due to bending of the uterus anteriorly), often scarce, but there may be, on the contrary, it is very abundant.

When viewed from such a woman gynecologist often reveals hypoplasia of the large and small labia, clitoris, vagina. The cervix has a conical shape and a relatively large length. According to the gynecological examination Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   woman doctor may suspect hypoplasia of the uterus. It confirms the diagnosis of lab tests.

As a result of the structure of a pregnancy does not occur often, or at all, or is developing in the fallopian tube (the fetus is difficult to move up the long, winding the fallopian tube). Later the woman threatened miscarriage, premature birth, birth in various pathologies (primarily, reduction of labor).

In addition, the lack of female sex hormones estrogen creates the risk of infection in the vagina and external genitals (vaginitis). In normal estrogen support the development of beneficial microflora of the vagina The microflora of the vagina: purity And that in turn inhibits the vital functions of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms.

Thus, the vagina of healthy women of childbearing age has self-cleaning properties. When gipolazii uterus associated with dysfunction of the ovaries, there is no self-cleaning and therefore often develop all kinds of infections. Chronic infection may move to the internal sex organs, significantly complicating the woman's condition.

How it is detected and treated

The earlier revealed hypoplasia of the uterus, the easier it is to help the woman. Therefore, children's gynecologists regularly holds professional examinations of adolescent girls. If you suspect a gipoplpziyu uterus, especially appointed by the blood on hormones, smears from the vagina (vaginal cleanness talks about how the development of normal microflora). Spend as ultrasound examination of the uterus and its appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries). If necessary, designate other types of studies.

Timely detection of hypoplasia Hypoplasia - a congenital malformation of the fetus   uterine treated using hormone replacement therapy. Do not be treated only embryonic uterus, but in this case, if the ovaries have ripened egg, a woman can hope for the birth of a child through surrogacy.

Galina Romanenko