Vulvovaginitis - a common name for inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina. It affects women of any age and is a very common disease.

The main symptoms are vulvovaginal irritation and itching in the genital area, inflammation (redness, swelling), large and small labia, perineum; unusual vaginal discharge; unpleasant smell from the vagina; discomfort and burning sensation when urinating.

The cause of vulvovaginitis may be bacteria, yeast, bacteria, viruses, and various parasites. Some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as bath foam, soap and other hygiene products can cause vulvovaginal. In some cases, the causes of this disease are environmental factors, poor hygiene and a variety of allergens.

• Candida albicans (Candida albicans) - a bacterium that causes a yeast infection is the most common cause of vulvovaginitis in women of all ages. Often these bacteria begin to multiply uncontrollably after a course of antibiotics - in concert with the pathogens of these drugs can destroy the beneficial bacteria, which, for example, usually Candida albicans inhibit reproduction.
• Another cause of vulvovaginitis - bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis - sex is not recommended Or overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. This disorder is often characterized by liquid grayish vaginal discharge The whole truth about vaginal secretions Which smell like the smell of fish.
• Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, frequently causing vulvovaginitis. This infection is accompanied by itching of the genitals, abundant yellow-green vaginal discharge, have an unpleasant odor.

Vulvovaginitis may occur due to a variety of cosmetic products, tissues, as well as due to vaginal contraceptives. Inflammation of the vulva may also occur in women who wear very tight-fitting clothing made of synthetic fabrics.

Irritation of the mucous is more susceptible to various infections, which can worsen the symptoms of vulvovaginal and slow the healing process. The lack of estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health   after menopause, too, contributes to the deterioration of vulvovaginal symptoms.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (violation, the exact cause of which can not be established) is most common in girls just before puberty. With the onset of puberty, the vaginal mucosa becomes more acid, and many potential pathogens in it are killed.

Diagnostics

If you have ever before had a fungal infection, and you know its symptoms, you can buy OTC and treat yourself. If symptoms persist for a week, you need to see a doctor.

Be sure to consult your doctor if symptoms of vulvovaginal were you the first time. For the diagnosis in most cases a pelvic exam Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   and analysis smears. If irritation of the vulva and vagina is not accompanied by an infection, you may need a biopsy.

Treatment

If the cause of infection is vulvovaginal for treatment can be used:

• Antibiotics
• Antifungal ointment
• Antibacterial ointment
• Cortisone ointment

If irritation is a symptom of an allergic reaction, antihistamines are used. If the reason for the low level of estrogen, estrogen ointment applied. Sometimes in order to get rid of the symptoms of vulvovaginal need to abandon the cause irritation of cosmetics, too tight clothes and start wearing cotton underwear.

In cases where the primary cause of vulvovaginitis are STDs, sexual partners of women also urged to be tested.

In modern gynecology widely used endoscopic method such as hysteroscopy uterus. The introduction into clinical practice of hysteroscopy started in the seventies of the last century. But every year, this method becomes increasingly popular.

Hysteroscopy uterus in many cases allows to avoid open surgery in women of reproductive age, thereby reducing the number of complications that often lead to infertility. The main advantage of this method is the ability to detect endometrial pathology.

Hysteroscopy uterus

Hysteroscopy uterus - is the examination of the endometrium (uterine lining) with a special optical instrument - hysteroscope and is performed under short intravenous anesthesia. This minimally invasive procedure, which is based in the conduct of the cervix through a thin tube with a video camera, with which the monitor displays a picture of the uterus. Modern hysteroscopes give rise to image five times or more.

There are liquid and gas hysteroscopy. When gas hysteroscopy inspection of the uterine cavity is performed in a gaseous atmosphere (carbon dioxide). For liquid hysteroscopy use different solutions (reopoligljukin physiological saline solution). Filling uterine gas or liquid necessary to expand the uterine cavity, which improves inspection endometrium. In addition, hysteroscopy is performed with diagnostic and therapeutic (operational) objective.

Time hysteroscopy

The best time for hysteroscopy - a 6-9 day menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases As in the first phase of the cycle of the uterus mucosa most thin, that makes it easy inspection. In extreme cases (uterine bleeding, etc.) hysteroscopy is used regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle.

Preparation for hysteroscopy

Preparation for hysteroscopy is the same as before diagnostic curettage Curettage - how dangerous it is? . Patients are appointed by common blood and urine tests, direct microscopic smear of the cervix, a blood test for syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus   and a blood test for the group and Rh factor. In some cases, it shows a medical consultation, and an electrocardiogram.

Indications for hysteroscopy

Indications for hysteroscopy numerous and connected mainly with the definition of intrauterine pathology:

• uterine bleeding in women of any age cyclic and acyclic nature, which can be suspected intrauterine pathology: submucosal uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis and endometrial cancer, a foreign body in the uterus (intrauterine device), as well as women who underwent treatment and diagnostic curettage Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   about bleeding without the effect of the procedure (continued bleeding);
• control treatment of endometrial hyperplastic processes (the presence of atrophic endometrium testifies to the effectiveness of treatment);
• endometrial biopsy;
• intrauterine adhesions, uterine malformations (eg, intrauterine septum);
• infertility;
• control after intrauterine surgery.

Contraindications to hysteroscopic

Despite the widespread use of hysteroscopy, there are a number of contraindications to its performance:

• somatic disease (angina, influenza, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, acute thrombophlebitis, etc.);
• heavy woman's condition in diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys;
• acute inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive organs (adnexitis, endometritis);
• detection of Trichomonas in vaginal smears, chlamydia, fungi, and a large number of white blood cells;
• stenosis of the cervix;
• common cervical cancer;
• ongoing pregnancy.

Complications of hysteroscopy

During hysteroscopy there are complications as with any invasive procedures:

• exacerbation of chronic inflammatory processes of the genitals;
• poor circulation and necrosis in intramural myoma nodes;
• perforation of the uterus;
• ingress of gas into the blood vessels.

Anna Sozinova