Nicotinic acid - a vitamin that is involved in all types of metabolism, as it promotes the oxidation-reduction reactions, which are the basis of metabolism in general. But niacin can produce side effects and, therefore, in some diseases, it is contraindicated.

How does niacin

Niacin, or vitamin PP enters the body with food (meat, liver, kidney, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, buckwheat) and is converted into nicotinamide. Nicotinamide also can be ingested in the food or produced in the body from tryptophan. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, which enters the human body with an animal protein - meat, fish, eggs and dairy products.

In humans, nicotinamide enters the biochemical reactions that make up the metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting In the form of coenzyme - a component of enzymes (substances accelerate biochemical reactions), are actively involved in redox reactions.

Such effects on the metabolism of nicotinic acid allows to influence all kinds of exchange - carbohydrate, fat and protein. Special influence the vitamin has on the fat (lipid) metabolism, for which he was named lipid-lowering vitamin. Under its influence primarily bounces cholesterol metabolism: reduced total cholesterol levels and the number of "bad" cholesterol (because it formed cholesterol plaque which obstruct the blood vessels) and increased the number of "good" cholesterol, is involved in all types of exchange.

Under the action of nicotinic acid widen small blood vessels, which improves blood flow to internal organs, as well as biliary and urinary tract (removed stagnation in the liver and kidneys).

Niacin is also known as vitamin protivopellagricheskimi, as it is the lack of it leads to the development of pellagra - metabolism disorders Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things Which causes skin lesions, dementia and chronic diarrhea.

Vitamin PP is widely used in medical practice, it is used in a variety of diseases, which helps to improve their flow.

To prescribe niacin and to whom it is contraindicated

First, nicotinic acid administered in pellagra, which leads to a significant improvement of the patients.

Showed reception nikotonovoy acid with long flowing chronic diseases that are accompanied by violation of the blood supply to internal organs. In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract niacin prescribed for gastritis with low acidity, as well as all diseases of the stomach and intestines is worsening. Especially in need of nicotinic acid, patients who for one reason or another disrupt the absorption of food in the small intestine and patients after removal of the stomach.

It is shown that nicotinic acid and liver diseases, heart and lungs. The positive effect of niacin on cholesterol metabolism makes it indispensable for the consequences of atherosclerosis, such as coronary heart disease and occlusive disease (narrowing of the peripheral arteries, which can lead to tissue necrosis which they feed).

The positive effect of nicotinic acid allowed to use it for mild forms of diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease .

Side effects that may occur during treatment with nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid is quite effective, and therefore spared from the adverse effects:

• the part of the circulatory system - redness of the face and upper body, accompanied by a feeling of tingling and burning; if niacin administered intramuscularly or intravenously too fast, maybe a sharp drop in blood pressure and even fainting;
• of the central and peripheral nervous system - the feeling of pins and needles on the body, numbness in parts of the body (paresthesia), dizziness;
• of the liver - fatty liver, abnormal liver function;
• long-term use - renal dysfunction and liver, disturbance of glucose uptake Glucose: The energy source   tissue cells of various organs and systems;
• Other side effects - pain at the site of intramuscular administration of nicotinic acid.

Nicotinic acid is a vital vitamin.

Galina Romanenko

Indications for admission

Fish oil contains the omega-3, which help to reduce the level of "harmful" cholesterol, restoring the correct lipid metabolism. In addition, fish oil has antiaggregatory effect - prevents platelets from sticking together and formation of blood clots and helps to normalize blood pressure and heart rate recovery.

How does

Fish oil capsules produced by different pharmaceutical companies. In its composition comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, alpha-linolenic acid - at least 20-25%), vitamins A, E and D.

Fish oil is a unique product, which contains large amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Omega-3 are essential fatty acids that are not synthesized by the human body, so they must be obtained from food.

Omega-3 fatty acid reduced the normal relationship between lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL), which is a so-called "harmful" cholesterol (it is deposited in blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), which on the contrary They contain "useful" cholesterol. "Useful" cholesterol is necessary for the body's active ingredient, as is involved in many types of metabolism.

The use of fish oil reduces the risk of complications of the disease that have developed against the background of atherosclerosis - coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular accident, obliterating (a blockage of the arteries) diseases of the lower extremities.

In addition, fish oil Fish oil - so whether it is useful to think?   reduces platelet aggregation (ie prevent them sticking and the formation of blood clots on this background), improve the flow of blood. All this reduces the risk of complications such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.

Fish oil also has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action, which helps to reduce rheumatoid processes, as it reduces the production of biologically active substances involved in inflammatory processes. Omega-3 fatty acids also contribute to improve metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   in the brain.

Omega-3 fatty acids are part of many lipid-lowering drugs and dietary supplements, regular intake of which can significantly reduce the risk of complications of disease caused by atherosclerosis.

Under the effect of fish oil can stabilize blood pressure, because it promotes vasodilation by acting on synthesis of substances affecting vascular tone. Has he the property to a certain extent to restore the heart rhythm.

In the body, omega-3 fatty acids are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood penetrate into all tissues. After absorption of omega-3 fatty acids is primarily to the liver, which are included in HDL then enter the peripheral depot lipids and are used to provide the energy needs of the organism.

Indications and Contraindications

Fish oil capsules used in the complex treatment:

• in disorders of lipid metabolism and elevated levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood triglycerides;
• for the prevention of atherosclerosis, especially if there is a family history of atherosclerosis;
• for the prevention of thrombosis, thromboembolism and thrombophlebitis;
• to prevent complications of diseases arising in the background of atherosclerosis - coronary heart disease (prevention of myocardial infarction), stroke (ischemic stroke prevention), obliterating endarteritis (prevention of limb gangrene);
• with hypertension (high blood pressure);
• endocrine diseases - diabetes, obesity;
• when certain skin diseases, which are accompanied by dry skin - psoriasis, dry eczema and so on;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• in severe metabolic diseases of the liver (fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis - the fate of all patients with chronic alcoholism   and so on).

Contraindications to the use of fish oil capsules are a chronic cholecystitis and pancreatitis in the acute stage, simultaneous administration of drugs that lower the rolling capacity of the blood, injuries, surgery (risk of bleeding), pregnancy (reduced synthesis of prostaglandins involved in labor), lactation, Children's age, hypersensitivity to the drug.

How to take fish oil capsules and its side effects

Fish oils are taking one or two capsules three times daily after meals, washed down with cold or lukewarm water. Duration of treatment - two or three months.

Side effects of fish oil capsules can manifest itself in the form of allergic reactions, reducing blood clotting, exacerbation of chronic diseases of the pancreas Diabetes and pancreas - the things you need to know   and gall bladder, diarrhea, fish odor from the mouth.

Galina Romanenko