Vaccination against rabies can prevent the deadly disease. The first vaccine against rabies (rabies vaccine) was created in 1885 by Louis Pasteur, who had immunized nine year old boy, bitten by a rabid dog, and he was still alive.

Vaccination against rabies person

Rabies - a serious acute infectious disease which mainly sick animals. Rabies is caused by a virus from the family rhabdoviruses. After the bite of an infected animal through 12-90 days developing the disease. Sometimes, the incubation period can last up to a year or more.

From the death of a man bitten by a sick animal can be saved only vaccination against rabies Rabies - the forecast is unfavorable .

Rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin

Vaccination against rabies is carried out with rabies vaccine. Concentrated culture rabies vaccine (Coca) is a vaccine rabies virus grown in special culture, concentrated and purified by means of modern techniques and inactivated (killed) by ultraviolet rays. Coca - is hygroscopic dry porous mass of white. For dissolving attached to the drug vial of water for injection 1 ml.

Rabies immunoglobulin is produced in two forms: from human serum and serum from a horse. The preparation contains specific antibodies capable of neutralizing rabies virus.

The course of vaccination against rabies

There are preventive and therapeutic and preventive courses of vaccinations against rabies. Preventive vaccination course held persons performing work on the capture and keeping of stray animals, veterinarians, hunters, foresters, employees of the slaughterhouse, taxidermists, persons working with the rabies virus. Primary vaccination - three injections of 1 mL were performed in 1, 7 and 30 days. First revaccination is conducted through one year (1 ml), further - an interval of three years (as 1 ml).

Preventive course of vaccination against rabies and the animals do. Quarantine after vaccination against rabies in animals is 30 days - that during this time the body produces antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   to the rabies virus.

The course of treatment and preventive vaccination Vaccinations - protect the public from dangerous infections   rabies depends on the extent of damage to the skin during the bite of an animal:

• if there is no damage, or licks on the skin and had no direct contact with the animal - vaccine is not appointed;
• if the skin has got the saliva of the animal, while, on the skin have abrasions, single surface biting or scratching of the trunk, upper and lower extremities (except for the head, face, neck, hands, fingers and toes, genitals) and if even the skin is intact, Coca injected intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle of the arm for adults and anterolateral thigh children under the scheme: day 0 (day of injury) - Day 3 - Day 7 - Day 14 - Day 30 - Day 90; If within 10 days of observation of the animals is still healthy, the treatment is stopped (after the third injection); when it is impossible to monitor the animal (killed, escaped, and so on), treatment is carried out under the full scheme;
• if there is any or licks on the mucous membranes, all the bite of the head, face, neck, hands, fingers and toes, genitals, multiple bites and deep single bite of any localization, treatment begins with the treatment of wounds, and the introduction of the bite rabies immunoglobulin - AIG; AIG may also be administered in the buttock for adults and children perednenaruzhnuyu thighs; then introduced Coca scheme Day 0 - Day 3 - Day 7 - Day 14 - Day 30 - Day 90; if you have the opportunity to observe the animals, and it is within 10 days remain healthy, treatment should be stopped (after the third injection).

Vaccination against rabies and alcohol are not compatible: you can not drink alcohol during the course of vaccination within six months after graduation.

Harmful if vaccinated against rabies

As with any vaccine, rabies vaccine can have side effects. But contraindications for its use are important only during the course of preventive vaccinations, medical-prophylactic course of administration of rabies vaccine has no contraindications: the drug is administered for health (mortality from rabies is a wholly owned). Warn death in this case can only be vaccinated against rabies, and pregnancy (including) is not a contraindication.

Preventive course of vaccination against rabies is contraindicated in acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, chronic diseases in the acute stage (vaccination is carried out not earlier than one month after recovery or remission) of allergic reactions to previous administration of the drug or antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? As well as during pregnancy.

Side effects of vaccination against rabies

Introduction Coca may be accompanied by local or general reaction. The local reaction is characterized by minor swelling, redness, itching, an increase in the surrounding lymph nodes. The general reaction can manifest as malaise, headache, weakness. Also, the temperature may rise after vaccination against rabies.

Introduction AIG from horse serum can be accompanied by severe allergic reactions.

Vaccination against rabies - it is the only protection against the disease.

Galina Romanenko

Lymph nodes form a vast interconnected system by which the body moves around the yellowish liquid - lymph. It consists of lymphocytes, some of the red blood cells and proteins. The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system The immune system - how it works? Protecting people from diseases.

The structure of the lymph nodes

Lymph nodes, this oval-shaped structures, ranging in size from very small, a pinhead to the size of a lima bean. Each lymph node is enclosed in a fibrous sheath. Lymph nodes - a kind of biological filter, located on the lymph ducts.

Once in the lymph node, lymph is slowly "filtered", passing through a cavity, known as the sinuses, and then the lymph node is derived from one or two efferent vessels.

On the afferent and efferent vessels have one-way valves, through which the lymph flows only in one direction.

The fibrous septa, or trabeculae extend from the shell of a lymph node to its center. These walls are separated from each other by cortical substance which is inside the sinuses located along the outside of the lymph node. Cortex is composed of cells, which is surrounded by a less dense region called the germinal center.

When the body gets an infection, germinal center B lymphocytes begins to release. The final stage of maturation of white blood cells in the embryonic heart begins; then they get into a more dense outer layers surrounding the germinal center where they become ripe plasma cells that produce antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity .

Functions of lymph nodes

• Protective functions - filtration and phagocytosis.

The structure of the lymph node sinuses slows the flow of lymph through them. This gives the reticuloendothelial cells of which the inner shell is composed of sines, the time to remove the lymph microorganisms and other harmful particles, and phagocytize them. Sometimes lymph gets so many harmful microorganisms that phagocytes can not destroy them fast enough to prevent damage to the unit. This leads to infection of lymph node - lymphadenitis Lymphadenitis - when inflamed lymph nodes . Cancer cells which at some stage of the disease can be separated from a malignant tumor Malignant tumor: cells are mad   and enter the lymph, can get into a lymph node, which is why it will begin to develop a new cancer.

• Hematopoiesis, or hematopoiesis

In the lymph node tissue in the final stages of maturation certain types of lymphocytes and monocytes that enter the lymph nodes and bone marrow.

Tonsils

Tonsils - is the lymph nodes located under the mucous membranes of the mouth and back of the throat. They protect the body against bacteria, which can penetrate through the mouth and nose.

• Palatine tonsil - the lymph nodes located on both sides of the throat.
• Pharyngeal tonsil - is on the back of the throat.
• Lingual tonsil is located at the base of the tongue.

The tonsils serve as a first line of defense against potential pathogens of various diseases; they are often prone to chronic infections - tonsillitis.

In all, about 150 groups of human lymph nodes, including: subclavian, axillary and chest, elbow, spleen, inguinal and femoral, popliteal, bronchopulmonary, iliac, para-aortic, and others.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes may be observed in a variety of diseases - from colds to cancer. In the latter case, lymph node status importance that its estimate is used to determine the stage of cancer, and, consequently, for the choice of treatment and predicting outcome.