Antibacterial agents are indispensable tools in dealing with various kinds of microorganisms in the treatment of infectious diseases. Against the backdrop of irrational use increases the number of adverse reactions or complications. The impact of antibiotics on the menstrual cycle should be considered, taking into account the health status of women and the indications for which they were appointed.

What determines the cyclical changes in a woman's body

Woman's menstrual cycle is influenced by various factors, both external and internal environment. It's a fine adjustment system, the state of which is controlled by the level of blood hormones. Hormonal disorders at any level of the system leads to the appearance of a woman's complaints about the changes of the menstrual cycle Changes in the menstrual cycle - a manifestation of a number of diseases . The level of violations may be different - the central disturbance (with the defeat of the central departments) and peripheral (directly at the level of the genital organs and the target).

We can not say exactly what antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   It may be the direct cause of disorders of the cycle. Antibiotics are assigned in gynecological practice in the case of various inflammatory diseases by the female reproductive system. Inflammatory diseases of the localization of the often complicated by the emergence of a cycle of violations. This can manifest itself clinically in violation of the length or duration, cyclical menses (prolongation of secretions, their quantity and other violations). Antibiotic therapy is an important part of anti-inflammatory therapy, so without it is impossible to speak of the coming of recovery. Against the background of complex treatment of a woman normalization of menstrual function, so antibiotics in this case may have a negative effect on the menstrual cycle.

Recommendations for appointment of antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are appointed not only in medical but also as a preventive measure. These indications are as follows:

• before the intervention of various tools, such as a hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy - examination of the uterus inside , WFD, or dilatation and curettage
• prior to surgical interventions for the prevention of infectious complications

Prophylactic administration of antibiotics also can affect the woman's menstrual cycle. One of the reasons that there are violations of the cycle, this pregnancy. During antibiotic therapy can come pregnancy, so this fact should be considered and explained to the woman that the period of treatment should be excluded sex. If a woman says that the next menstruation does not come on time, you must first rule out pregnancy. In such a situation it is better to do a pregnancy test with a morning urine or determine the level of hormones in a woman's blood (the level of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood reveals pregnancy on a short term, when the delay menstrual period of a few days). It should also carry out ultrasound viewing woman using a two-handed technique on a gynecological chair Gynaecological chair: Take a closer look .

Appointment of antibacterial agents has strict indications. You should not self-medicate and use drugs uncontrollably, and to approach this issue thoughtfully and take antibiotics only after the appointment of a physician.

Marina Solovyov

Woman's menstrual cycle - is a tool that allows it to conceive, carry and give birth to a child. The first menstruation begins in 11-16 years, the last ends at the age of about 50 years. This period in a woman's life is called the genital or fertility.

The menstrual cycle of women as a physiological process

Woman's menstrual cycle is the cyclical changes that occur on a monthly basis in the central nervous system, ovaries, genitals and breasts of women. All of these processes are closely linked and have a significant impact on the work of all other organs and body systems. The slightest violation of the menstrual cycle has always reflected the state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and through them to all the other organs.

The first menstruation, the girl called menarche. In women southern people menarche occurs earlier than in the north. The length of the menstrual cycle is measured from the first day of the ensuing menstruation to the first day of the next menstruation. The average duration of the menstrual cycle - 28 days, but the norm is its duration from 21 to 35 days.

The normal menstrual cycle is divided into two phases with the predominance of the activity of female sex hormones estrogen or progesterone. Isolation of female sex hormones is influenced by the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures responsible for the activity of the endocrine glands - the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle - estrogen

During this phase, there is a maturing egg in the ovary within 13-14 days. In the ovaries of a newborn girl, there are hundreds of thousands of so-called primordial follicles, which consist of egg, surrounded by a single layer of follicular epithelium. Under the influence of hormones begins with the onset of menarche, maturation of the primordial follicle. During the menstrual cycle, only one follicle reaches full maturity. Matured oocyte follicle bursts and released from the ovary, first entering the peritoneal cavity and then into the fallopian tube. The moment of release of the egg from the ovary is called ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? , It usually occurs on day 14 (at 28 - day cycle).

The process of follicle maturation occur under the influence of ovarian hormones estrogen (primarily estradiol) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the pituitary gland (the main endocrine gland located in the brain).

Between the pituitary and ovarian hormones has an inverse relationship: if the estrogen is released much, the amount of FSH is reduced and vice versa. Number of pituitary hormones is in the same depending on the hormone, which is secreted by the hypothalamus - a brain region responsible for all endocrine activity of the human body.

At the same time with the maturation of the egg cyclical changes occur in the lining of the uterus - in her glands, blood vessels and proper in the mucosa - the stroma. First, the mucous membrane of the uterus is torn away and menstruation occurs, then the mucous membrane recovers and grows.

There are changes in the mammary glands. Under the influence of estrogens increase in length mammary ducts, the mammary glands swell.

The second phase of the menstrual cycle - progesterone

The second phase of the menstrual cycle begins after the release of the mature egg from the ovary. The amount allocated to the ovary estrogen decreases sharply, and the place of the ruptured follicle forms a temporary endocrine gland - the corpus luteum, which starts to produce progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology .

If the task of the first phase of the menstrual cycle was to create conditions for oocyte maturation and prepare the uterus for the introduction of a fertilized egg in it, the task of the second phase of the menstrual cycle is to keep a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Therefore, under the influence of progesterone dramatically reduced motor activity of smooth muscles of the uterus (which prevents miscarriage). Isolation progesterone stimulates the luteinizing hormone (LH) of the pituitary gland. At this time, the uterus begins secretory phase - gland epithelium lining of the uterus starts to develop a secret that prepares the uterus to receive the embryo.

If fertilization occurs, the first 10 days of the fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tube to the entrance to the uterus. After entering the uterus fertilized egg (embryo) is introduced into the prepared mucous membrane of the uterus and begins to grow into it more deeply, connecting with the mother numerous blood vessels (the first 10 days the embryo was not related to the mother's body, he ate at their own stocks ).

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum atrophies and becomes a barely noticeable white scar - white body. Without progesterone the mucous membrane begins to be torn away, and the muscles of the uterus - to decline, throwing the contents - begins a new menstrual cycle.

Every woman should know their menstrual cycle - its duration and other features that, in the case of menstrual disorders Menstrual cycle and its characteristics   time to see a doctor.

Galina Romanenko