For menstrual disorders include any unusual symptoms that occur during the menstrual cycle - both physical and psychological. Some women all stages of the menstrual cycle tested without problems begin during the month, are not accompanied by severe pain, and mood changes are within the norm. However, many women at different stages of the menstrual cycle face different problems - from those that can simply wait, as to which is better to consult a doctor.

Types of menstrual disorders

Abnormal uterine bleeding (menorrhagia - very heavy menstrual bleeding, metrorrhagia - uterine bleeding in between menstrual periods).

• Amenorrhea - absence of menstrual bleeding.
• Dysmenorrhea - very painful menstruation.
• Premenstrual syndrome.
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
• Menorrhagia

One in five women menstrual bleeding so severe that they have to alter its usual activity. Bleeding is considered strong if it prevents a woman to perform their daily duties. Normally during menstruation a woman loses about 5 tablespoons of blood. Menorrhagia blood volume 10-25 times larger. wherein the woman has to change pads or tampons is not 3-4 times a day, every hour.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is particularly common in adolescents, when the menstrual cycle is still unusual for the body, and in women older than 40 or 50 years, when approaching menopause. The reason for this violation of the menstrual cycle can be:

• Hormonal Imbalance
• Structural abnormalities of the uterus
• Various diseases

Excessive production of sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone - often causes a very severe menstrual bleeding. For example, if a woman has irregular ovulation (ie, the egg does not mature or maturing, but for some reason does not come out of the ovary), the body increases the production of hormones, which leads to heavy menstrual bleeding.

Among the diseases that can cause menorrhagia Menorrhagia (menorrhagia) - excessive blood loss :

• Disorders of the thyroid gland
• Diseases associated with bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand's disease
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura - a disorder characterized by low levels of platelets in the blood
• Diseases of the kidney and liver
• Leukemia

Furthermore, excessive bleeding may be caused by taking medications such as anticoagulants, heparin and synthetic hormones. Sometimes menorrhagia develops from the use of an intrauterine device, after a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy; sometimes a complication of uterine fibroids. In some cases, heavy menstrual bleeding associated with infections and precancerous formations in the cells of the endometrium.

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea, or absence of menstrual bleeding is also a violation of the menstrual cycle.

Primary amenorrhea is diagnosed in women who have 16 years not started menstruating. Normally this is connected with disorders of the endocrine system, which is regulated by hormones. The causes of primary amenorrhea Primary amenorrhea - a consequence of the genetic damage   can also be an eating disorder (bulimia or anorexia), weight is significantly lower than the norm, a violation of the ovaries or hypothalamus, and various genetic abnormalities. However, the most common cause of primary amenorrhea is a delay in the development of the hypothalamus.

Secondary amenorrhea is diagnosed in women in the absence of menstrual periods for three months or more. This can happen for many reasons, including stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis Weight reduction, intense physical stress and diseases that affect the level of estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health . Secondary amenorrhea can also cause disorders that affect the hypothalamus (eg, elevated levels of the hormone prolactin) and thyroid (especially hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism). Ovarian cysts or removal of one or both ovaries surgically can also cause amenorrhea and other menstrual irregularities.

  The first disposable tampons from softened papyrus were made in ancient Egypt. In ancient Greece, as mentioned in the writings of Hippocrates, as the ball used pieces of wood wrapped fiber. Materials for the first tampons were wool, paper, plant fibers, sponges, grass and, later, cotton.

History and Security

Modern tampons with the applicator in 1924 invented the American doctor Earle Haas. He wanted to develop a pad that is suitable for mass production and its first patented tampon November 19, 1931. He later sold the patent Gertrude Tendra, which began mass production. Since then, they have become a popular means of feminine hygiene products, but around them on a regular basis there are disputes about security.

Dioxin and Viscose

The tampons are released today, contains two potentially hazardous substances - viscose (it absorbs menstrual blood) and dioxin (a chemical used for bleaching). Manufacturers tampons are convinced that women want to use only white tampons - after all this is the color of purity. The problem is that dioxin is a potential carcinogen. Furthermore, it is toxic to the immune and reproductive systems. Scientists have linked the effects of this substance to the development of endometriosis Endometriosis - a serious problem with serious consequences   and a low number of active sperm in the semen of men - and that in both cases there is a negative impact on the immune system. Some experts say that there can be no acceptable level of dioxin to the human body - when you consider that he has the ability to accumulate in the tissues, slowly disintegrates and is a real threat for repeated contacts.

As viscose is a strong absorber, its fibers remain in the vagina for a relatively long time after removal of the tampon How to use sanitary pad - basic precautions , Whereby dioxin longer has an impact on a woman's body.

Manufacturers claim that the content of dioxin in tampons is so small that it can not be a serious danger. However, this substance is so toxic that even such a small amount can be enough to cause significant harm to health.

Viscose is made from wood and during its manufacture hundreds of chemicals penetrate into the tissue, which is then made tampons.

What about cotton?

Cotton swabs are not much safer. Experts suggest that to produce many of them using genetically-modified cotton, which causes resistance to some antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? . It is estimated that for women who use tampons are more difficult to treat diseases, sexually transmitted infections and certain other diseases. However, to prove the effect of tampons is not possible.

Furthermore, after removal of the cotton swabs into the vagina are also fiber. Only a part of these fibers is then displayed together with vaginal secretions The whole truth about vaginal secretions . The remaining fibers can trigger, for example, the formation of sores and ulcers in the vagina, which, in turn, significantly increases the likelihood of contracting diseases, sexually transmitted diseases.

Women have tampons in the modern representation of more than 70 years. Their danger spoke not long ago, and while scientists continue to study. But now you can see that in the last 25, when women and girls have become much more than before, to use tampons increased the number of complaints on various violations related to the reproductive system. This can have many causes, including the deteriorating environmental situation, but probably tampons play an important role here.