Causes

Glomerulonephritis is infectious and allergic inflammation of the bilateral renal tissue. It can be acute or chronic.

The immediate cause of the disease is usually an infection. Most often this is a beta-hemolytic streptococcus twelfth type. Glomerulonephritis can start after a sore throat Angina - is it worth it to carry "on their feet"? On the background of chronic tonsillitis Chronic tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils   and other inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Glomerulonephritis may have infectious origin, cause it might be the introduction of vaccines, serums, various medications, pollen and insect venom.

Factors contributing to the development of glomerulonephritis are hypothermia, especially at high humidity. This gives rise to the so-called "trench" Jade: cooling causes the disorder of blood supply to the kidneys and affect the course of immunological reactions.

The mechanism of development

After exposure to infection or other factors (eg, vaccines) after some time (long enough) in a patient's blood develop antibodies to infectious agents and to their own kidney tissue. Gluing antigens (bacteria or kidney tissue), antibodies form antigen-antibody complexes, which are precipitated and deposited on the walls of the renal vessels, as it is filtered and the kidneys excrete harmful substances. There inflammation and destruction (necrosis) of the walls of blood vessels in the kidneys (glomeruli responsible for filtering the blood). All this leads to damage of renal tissue and renal dysfunction.

How is acute glomerulonephritis

Manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis may be very different from terms to almost imperceptible. Usually the disease begins with general weakness, thirst, and a very small amount of urine. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by three main features: the changes in the urine, high blood pressure and edema.

Changes in urine - a sign of acute inflammation of the kidney tissue. The patient has pain in the lumbar region on both sides, increased body temperature, a small amount of urine that the admixture of blood gets the color "meat slops". The urine is also found large amounts of protein and cells characteristic of inflammation of the kidney (hyaline, granular, erythrocyte cylinders, renal epithelium). In the blood - signs of inflammation (increased white blood cell count, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate), as well as signs of impaired kidney function - increase of residual nitrogen and its components, such as urea and creatinine Creatinine - will talk about the work of the kidneys .

Increased blood pressure is observed in the majority of patients, it is up to 180/120 mm Hg. Art. Against this background, possible development of congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema, as well as changes in the brain.

Swelling in glomerulonephritis have the following characteristics: they are "pale", located on the face, appear in the morning. In severe cases, swelling may spread to the whole body, chest and abdomen. The increase in body weight due to swelling can be very large (up to 20 kg).

Subacute or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis characterized by a subacute, rapidly growing changes in the urine, swelling and progressive increase in blood pressure. In just a few weeks or months developing a complete loss of kidney function.

Developing the disease as acute glomerulonephritis, but sometimes there is a gradual start. Quickly complications appear in the form of changes in the retinal vessels, even blindness, renal failure. Without adequate treatment, the patients die within a year from kidney failure.

Chronic glomerulonephritis

The disease is characterized by progressive loss of renal tissue, renal scarring, reduced kidney function and the development of hypertension and death (without treatment) of chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure - what to do and how to be? .

Chronic glomerulonephritis can occur Private (only changes in the urine), manifested swelling or high blood pressure. But with all these forms of the disease are always suffering kidney function.

Treatment of glomerulonephritis

Acute exacerbation of chronic glomerulonephritis and glomerulonephritis treated only in a hospital. At the same time the patient must comply with strict bed rest and salt-free, reduced-protein diet.

To reduce the activity of the immune prescribers who are able to oppress. Since this disease is increased blood clotting, lowering its appointed agents (anticoagulants). Apply anti-inflammatory, decongestant and lowers blood pressure agents. One method of treating glomerulonephritis is the purification of the blood by means hemosorption and plasmapheresis.

After full cure the patient for a long time your doctor should be observed.

Prevention of glomerulonephritis - a timely treatment of throat infections and hardening of the body. It is also important to take into account individual intolerance of medicines, food and other possible allergens.

What is renal colic and the reasons for its occurrence

Renal colic - is a sudden sharp pain that occurs in diseases of the kidneys and lower back in the hypochondria. It develops in the case where the path to the flow of urine from the renal pelvis (pockets of urine in the kidney) there is a sudden obstacle. This leads to the overflow and enhance pelvic vnutrilohanochnogo pressure. High blood pressure contributes to the compression of kidney blood vessels, which leads to disruption of its blood supply. Kidney tissue can not exist without the normal blood supply - lack of oxygen literally "kill" it. It is about lack of oxygen kidney and acute pain signals.

The most common renal colic develops when blockage of the ureter stones in urolithiasis, or the passage of the ureter dense conglomerate of crystals, or a blood clot in violation of ureteral patency when bend or sudden inflammation and swelling.

How does renal colic

The attack of renal colic always begins suddenly. In some cases, may provoke an attack of exercise, but more often it occurs among full rest, for example, at night during sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams . Very often attacks occur at night after drinking large amounts of fluid. Pain has a wave-like nature of the cutting, it is amplified, then it fades. The patient in this case is actively trying to find a position that would have eased the pain, that is torn, and sometimes (especially in excitable people) it acquires the character of panic.

Sometimes an attack of renal colic becomes protracted: the colic disappears, it appears for a few days. It starts usually with renal colic pain in the lumbar region, and then radiates (sends) in the stomach and ribs. Pain gives the course of the ureter in the direction down to the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   and genitals. Sometimes the pain gradually subsides, and abdominal pain, and committed hypochondria, by contrast, is growing. At the same time it is accompanied by frequent urination.

In some cases, renal colic occurs irritation of the nerve of the solar plexus and then the patients have nausea, vomiting, dizziness, urgency of bowel.

If renal colic lasts long, it can cause high blood pressure. If colic occurred against the background of kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis), the underlying condition may be exacerbated with the rise of temperature and the appearance of the other common symptoms of intoxication.

Renal colic can occur, and uncharacteristically, without irradiation of pain in the stomach and hypochondria, and in such cases it is easily confused with pain in osteochondrosis Pain in osteochondrosis - a characteristic symptom   or herniated disk.

Renal colic can be confused with other diseases, such as biliary colic, acute appendicitis, acute adnexitis Adnexitis as a consequence of frequent change of partners   (inflammation of the ovaries), perforated gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, intestinal obstruction, acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and others. Therefore, when severe pain in the abdomen there is a rule: you can not do anything (especially taking painkillers) without a doctor's permission.

Emergency treatment in renal colic

Emergency treatment in renal colic should be provided to the doctor, so if any severe abdominal pain, you must call an ambulance. But if there was renal colic is not the first time and the patient is confident in this diagnosis, before the arrival of the ambulance, you can:

• heating pad applied to the lower back or lie down in a warm bath - it will reduce the spasm of the ureter (a stone or a blood clot can slip into the bladder) and blood vessels (blood circulation improves kidney);
• take any painkillers and antispasmodic (eg avisan or Nospanum, baralgin - they also remove a spasm of the ureter).

You only need to clearly know: thermal treatments help only if it is really an attack of renal colic. If this attack, e.g., acute appendicitis, the patient's condition can rapidly deteriorate. Appendicitis and can not take any painkillers.

Ambulance for removal of renal colic attack also uses antispasmodics, analgesics, but in the form of injections - it is more efficient.

If the treatment was ineffective, then the patient is admitted to a specialized (urology) department or in the surgical department.

Galina Romanenko