Plastic nose in a good clinic will do so that no one would guess that the man suffered plastic surgery. But there are other cases when taken for plastic surgery specialists who do not have the necessary training, the effects of such work can be disastrous. How to figure out where to rhinoplasty?

What is rhinoplasty and its species

Plastic nose (rhinoplasty) is a plastic surgery, which resulted in changes of bone and cartilage of the nose base, and with it the shape or size of the external nose. However, changing the appearance of the nose inevitably leads to changes in the nasal passages and wrong to do the surgery can disrupt breathing, smell and speech. In addition, it can contribute to a chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore plastic nose always includes plastic and the inner surface thereof.

Rhinoplasty can be open (the reins cuts on the face) and closed (the cuts are like on the inside of the nose). In addition, it conducted operations such as the reduction or correction of the nose wings, the correction of minor defects of the nose, secondary rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty: myths and facts   (if the patient is not satisfied with the results of the first operation or a complex operation, which is carried out with several steps).

At different times we had different ideas about the ideal nose. Today it is considered that there is no perfect nose, a nose should match the type of person and the rest of his features. If the nose is not combined with other facial features, even if it is perfectly flat, it will look ridiculous.

Indications and contraindications for Rhinoplasty

Indications for rhinoplasty are:

• congenital malformations of the external nose (too big, too small, irregularly shaped);
• the effects of trauma and burns in the form of violations of the shape and appearance of the nose;
• the patient's desire to change the shape of the nose (required commented plastic surgeon, as many patients do not require a correction).

The optimum age for Rhinoplasty - After 18 years, when the facial tissue has formed. Before this age spend rhinoplasty is not recommended, as the growth of tissue may deform the face. It is not necessary to hold the plastic nose and close to 40 years - it can cause stretching of the skin, the appearance of new wrinkles and poor wound healing.

Contraindications for rhinoplasty are:

• any acute illness and exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• bleeding disorders;
• respiratory disorders due to colds and runny nose;
• severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys;
• diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   (impaired immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   and often associated infection);
• bronchial asthma;
• mental illness;
• drug allergy;
• menstruating.

How is Rhinoplasty

The operation is performed under general anesthesia, usually endotracheal anesthesia, in which is inserted into the trachea tube that enters the lungs mixture of oxygen with narcotic substance. This is the best option for anesthesia Rhinoplasty.

The duration of the operation is usually little more than an hour, but sometimes more, despite some problems in the patient. Small incisions or held on the outer side of the nose bridge area of ​​the skin of the nasal septum (the open plastic nose) or on the inside on the mucosa (closed plastic nose). With open rhinoplasty requires more detached tissue than when closed, and hence a greater injury. But greater access in open rhinoplasty allows you to carry out the operation more carefully.

Once open access to bone and cartilage of the nose, the surgeon makes their correction. Depending on what is to be done, the correction of cartilage, bone or periosteum. After that the wound superimposed cosmetic sutures, sterile bandage and plaster.

Early and late results of surgery Rhinoplasty

Immediately after surgery, there is swelling of tissues, bruises and some soreness, which passes quickly. Bruises disappear within two weeks, at the same time and remove the plaster cast. The first few days after surgery, the patient breathes only mouth. Swelling of the tissues lasts longer: at the open rhinoplasty - up to six months, and sometimes up to a year, with a closed - a few months. Within a month after the surgery is recommended to avoid strenuous exercise and stress, wearing glasses, too hot and cold food.

Long-term results of open rhinoplasty - are small scars whose color blends with the color of the skin, so they become completely invisible. In a closed rhinoplasty scars are not visible at all.

Rhinoplasty - is a major surgical procedure and it can only be carried out in the clinic, which has a license to conduct such operations.

Galina Romanenko

Today, breast augmentation surgery Breast augmentation plastic surgery breast health perspective   using silicone implants considered sufficiently safe and easier than, for example, breast reduction surgery Breast reduction: the problem the other way around . But a few decades ago, silicone breast represent a genuine threat to health, and sometimes a woman's life.

The history of silicone breast

The history of silicone breast began in the sixties of the last century in the United States, where he first started doing breast augmentation using silicone implants or a breast filled with liquid silicone.

The first generation of implants had a smooth thick silicone shell and a liquid that spreads silicone inside. When you break the capsule spreads over a silicone breast tissue. Furthermore, capsules formed around silicone powerful shell of connective tissue, causing the breasts to become hard and changed its shape.

Approximately ten years later, in the mid-seventies, he appeared ready to implant the second generation. They had a fine smooth capsule, the connective tissue around which grew less, but they are often torn, sometimes even with a small chest trauma.

Since the mid-eighties begins to produce the third generation of implants with a rough (textured) surface of the capsule (this prevents the overgrowth of connective tissue around it). These implants are of three types: filled with cohesive (more viscous than previous fillers, having the consistency of soft gel) silicone gel, saline and biocompatible hydrogel.

During the whole time there were articles with negative reviews of the implantation of silicone prostheses. It was found that a liquid silicone is caught in the breast tissue, causing inflammation and promotes the development of breast cancer Breast cancer: what every woman needs to know . Implantation of silicone implants were banned in several countries, including the United States. And only in the late nineties we were finally made reliable research proving that today's silicone implants do not harm the breast.

Silicone implants today

Silicone - a compound containing silicon and oxygen, which is obtained synthetically. The structure and properties of the silicone can be changed arbitrarily, it may be either a liquid (in gel form), or solid.

Today, many companies manufacture silicone breast implants. All of them are composed of an outer shell made of silicone and an inner filler. Each manufacturer has developed its structure and texture, as the shells and filler. Typically, this material biocompatible with the tissues or neutral, silicone fillers necessarily cohesive and do not spread to tissues in the case of rupture of the capsule (which, incidentally, is rarely found today). Some companies use as a filler in a biocompatible hydrogel, such implants are called bioimplant. Available impalantaty and silicone filled with saline.

Capsule implants today is both textured and smooth, and it is dense biologically inert, i.e. it does not react with the surrounding tissues. Furthermore, in most modern implants have an additional barrier layer which prevents the ingress of tissue in the breast even single molecules of silicone.

Over time, the properties of silicone capsules are not changed, but sometimes it may disrupt the integrity of, and its content can get into breast tissue. If saline is then no harm, but the silicone gel must be removed (despite the fact that it does not spread to tissues), because it can cause inflammation of the mammary gland.

The shape of the implants can be round or tapered (drop-shaped).

How is surgery to implant silicone prosthesis today

Today it is one of the most common operations in plastic surgery. Calibration is done, usually under general anesthesia. On the skin of the breast, usually under the breast, a small incision is made (the options sections - around the areola, under the armpit, or through the navel). Through this incision form a pocket (cavity) of the pectoral muscle, the implant is placed there and put on a wound cosmetic seam.

In the first few days after surgery may experience swelling and tenderness of tissues. Basically, in order to return to their normal activities, women need one - and a half months. Not yet healed, and not last seam should avoid physical exertion, exposure to the sun, in the sauna and bath Sauna and health: the benefits and harms of bath procedures , Swimming in the bath.

Within three months after surgery, the formation of connective tissue around the implant (this is a natural reaction to the introduction of a foreign body). At this time, it is recommended to wear a special compression garment.

Silicone breast for today - it is quite safe and technically Waste plastic surgery.

Galina Romanenko