Tummy tuck is required for stretching the skin and abdominal muscles after pregnancy, with a sharp rapid weight loss, and in some other cases. It is very difficult plastic surgery, which can cause a number of complications. Therefore, its implementation requires highly skilled plastic surgeon.

What is a tummy tuck and its species

Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) is an operation to correct the anterior abdominal wall. When this is carried out if necessary removal of excess fat, muscle lifting, excision and removal of excess skin, resulting in toning the anterior abdominal wall.

There are standard tummy tuck with the movement of the belly button to a new location and a mini-plastic, in which the navel is still in the same place and excess tissue excised and removed in the space below the navel. After this operation is the scar above the pubis length of about 20 cm. Sometimes, tummy tuck is performed after liposuction (liposuction). In some cases, during abdominal surgery reinforced plastics abdominal wall hernias to eliminate available in this area.

Indications and contraindications for tummy tuck

Tummy tuck is performed in the following cases:

• when flabby pendulous abdomen, including after delivery or after massive weight loss;
• when passing or distension of the stomach muscles, for example, after surgery for tumors of the anterior abdominal wall;
• when abdominal fat deformation, including the presence of skin and fat, "apron", which can not be removed by other methods;
• the presence on the skin of the abdomen of a large number of extensions, combined with excess skin;
• to correct rough scars in the anterior abdominal wall;
• to correct the mounds and remove excess skin after an unsuccessful liposuction.

Contraindications for a tummy tuck are:

• severe diseases of internal organs (heart, lungs, kidneys, liver) in violation of their functions;
• reduction of blood clotting;
• severe diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   with severe immune disorders Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults ;
• severe obesity (those patients should be treated by an endocrinologist);
• pregnancy, including planned for the near future.

How is tummy tuck surgery

Tummy tuck is performed only examined patients who have not revealed contraindications for surgery. Before the operation, a surgeon with the patient dismantle the course of the forthcoming tummy tuck and its results. In modern clinics of plastic surgery is done by computer simulation.

Plastic surgery of the abdomen - is a complex volume operation, which is performed under general anesthesia for several hours. It is a horizontal incision in the lower abdomen (the scar is hidden in the crease and then belly) if parted abdominal muscles and tendons, they are sewn, remove fat and excess skin. And as this moves the navel, it is necessary to transfer to another location.

When the mini-plastic removed a smaller volume of the skin and there is no need to transfer the navel. On postoperative wound superimposed cosmetic seams and installed drains (rubber tubes) for removing tissue fluid. Then superimposed on the wound sterile dressing and wear special compression bandage that holds the abdominal stack in the correct position.

After surgery, tummy tuck

After surgery, the patient is usually a few weeks in the hospital. The first few days can be confusing pain in the wound and a small rise in temperature. Swelling and bruising are gradually over several weeks. Sutures are removed no earlier than ten days, for months, the patient wears a compression bandage, it does not take a bath (bathing is possible only under the shower) and steamed in a bath Sauna and health: the benefits and harms of bath procedures   and a sauna.

For faster tissue repair appointed physiotherapy and massage. Ordinary physical activity can no earlier than two months.

The results and possible complications after tummy tuck

After surgery, the abdomen is a small scar, which gradually brightens, merges with the surrounding skin and hides in the crease. The same small scars remain around the navel, but over time they also become invisible. The results of a tummy tuck is largely dependent on the individual patient and the performance of all doctor's appointments. The scar in the lower abdomen pale, not earlier than six months after surgery. The scar around the belly button becomes invisible before.

Sometimes after surgery experience the following complications:

• bleeding during surgery - a complication of this clinic is usually easy to handle;
• postoperative wound infection - is uncommon and it is also easy to handle with the help of antibiotics;
• necrosis (death of) skin graft - will require additional treatment and possibly surgery;
• keloid scar is formed Keloid scar - develops its own laws   - Red shiny, prone to sprawl; usually it depends on the individual patient;
• disturbed skin sensitivity in some parts of the anterior abdominal wall - it can be either temporary or permanent, and occurs due to injury or crossing branches of sensory nerves;
• can be broken form the navel, it can be changed only by means of re-operation;
• may disrupt the healing of wounds, especially if the anterior abdominal wall were postoperative scars;
• the appearance of roughness on the surface of the anterior abdominal wall.

Tummy Tucks - this is a serious operation, and resort to it is only in extreme cases.

Galina Romanenko

If you choose to do breast augmentation surgery, you should be aware of all the possible side effects of breast implants - from leaking to the problems with breastfeeding Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails! . You will be ready to act, knowing what might happen.

Lactation

Many patients with breast implants have successfully breast feed, but implants can interfere with this.

If you are considering in the future breast-feeding, tell the surgeon about it, it can affect the performance of equipment operation.

Mammography

There is a risk that breast implants may interfere with cancer to determine. During mammography Mammography - protection against breast cancer , X-ray or ultrasound the implants can hide tumors or injuries. Health workers should take special measures during the investigation. In addition, the need to take more pictures, which will require additional time. So when I was making the survey, tell your doctor that you have breast implants so that he could plan time.

In the case of breast implants radiologist will use a special technique called Eklund technique so that you can see if there are any tumors in breast tissue. So tell me about implants radiologist before the examination starts.

When mammography breast is compressed, which increases the risk of rupture of the implant.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Breast implants may increase the risk of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a rare type of cancer that attacks the T-cells (a type of white blood cell). Lymphoma may occur in a capsule or scar tissue that surrounds the implant. Office of the Food and Drug Administration is studying the potential risk. While aware of the sixty cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma around the world among five or 10 million women who have breast implants fitted. The risk exists in the case of silicone implants, and in the case of implants with saline. Treatment involves removal of the implant and possibly an additional therapy

Loss of sensation

After breast surgery Breast plastic surgery: to perfect? Some patients lose the sensitivity of the breast and nipple. Loss of sensitivity can be either temporary or permanent. The surgical technique can play a role in this complication. The surgeon can determine the most appropriate technique and implant surgery to minimize loss of sensitivity.

Capsular contracture

Capsular contracture occurs when the scar tissue creates a capsule, squeezing the implant, causing hardening and loss of form. It is impossible to predict whether there will capsular contracture, but risk factors include injuries to the chest or not enough skin to cover the implant. To correct a contracture often require surgery.

"Double Bubble"

Sometimes one or both breast implants are moved below the breast, then there is a recess across the bottom of the chest. "Double Bubble" can occur if the implant is too large or poorly installed. It is a rare complication, it can be corrected surgically.

The leak from the implant

Through research, exploring the possibility of harmful effects of implant materials falling into the surrounding breast tissue. As a result, it was found that there was sufficient evidence that it is dangerous, but only those materials that are approved by the FDA. These same materials are used for other types of medical implants and prostheses.

Rupture

None of the implant is not eternal. Implants can break or tear and deflate as a result. Many cases of fractures associated with aging of the implant, a strong compression of the breast or chest injury. The most noticeable effects - this change in the size and shape of the breast Forms of Breast importantly - immutability . Depending on the size of the gap, changes in the appearance of a breast after a few days or a longer time.

Sometimes breast compression during mammography enough to rupture the implant. According to the FDA, there were 58 documented cases of rupture of the implant from 1992 to 2002. When mammography specialist should not allow a lot of pressure on the chest.

Usually blown out to remove the implant surgery is required. Most women choose when re-operation of smaller implants.

Ask the doctor

Before you decide on surgery, discuss possible side effects with a certified plastic surgeon with experience in breast augmentation. Choosing a good plastic surgeon to follow pre- and postoperative instructions and realistic expectations will help to avoid the side effects. If you want to increase the breast, but do not want to install the implants, the surgeon discuss the possibility of surgery, which uses the existing breast tissue to improve the appearance.