What diseases can affect the gums

Desna - is part of the oral mucosa covering the bones of the upper and lower jaws of the necks of the teeth to fold transition vestibule of the oral cavity and to the mobile mucosa of the mouth floor.

In the area of ​​the gums can be damaged (for fractures and dislocations Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   teeth, tooth extraction), inflammation (gingivitis) and tumors (usually benign tumor, but the cancer is found and the gums).

Causes, types and signs of gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums or gingivitis can be an independent disease, or a sign of some other disease. Occasionally gingivitis occurs as a reaction to the filling material or dental prosthesis, with malocclusion Malocclusion: fix is ​​never too late When tartar between the gum and tooth. But the most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene condition coupled with chronic mechanical trauma of the gingiva tartar, destroyed tooth hanging seal, ill fitting crowns. In the injured area gums introduced infectious agents, constantly living in the mouth.

Gingivitis is catarrhal, necrotizing, hypertrophic and atrophic. For acute catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by redness and swelling of the gums, for chronic catarrhal - the formation of periodontal pockets and sore gums. When necrotizing gingivitis gums reddened mucous membrane, edematous, with areas of tissue death (necrosis), which are formed on the site of the ulcer. For hypertrophic gingivitis characterized enlarged gums that are in the form of a roller cover all teeth. In atrophic gingivitis contrary, gums decrease in volume, exposing the roots of the teeth.

Common signs of gum disease are bleeding gums How to prevent bleeding gums: important rules   when brushing your teeth, redness, swelling and tenderness of the gums, too overgrown or, on the contrary, baring the roots of the teeth gums, the appearance of pus between the teeth and bad breath, or the shift of the reel when biting teeth.

Treatment of gingivitis

Treatment of gingivitis should be comprehensive, taking into account their origin and underlying disease, caused them.

General treatment dentists carried out in conjunction with other doctors. When gingivitis allergic origin in addition to the termination of drugs cause allergies, prescribed drugs that reduce the allergic disposition of the body. When violations of gonadal function, diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , Blood diseases and other diseases treatment is carried out, doctors of appropriate specialties.

A prerequisite of any successful treatment of gingivitis is to remove the tartar defects prosthesis seals. Work is also grinding the roots of teeth, which helps gum tissue to recover and re-connect with the tooth. Removal of decayed teeth is performed after pass acute inflammation in the gums. In hypertrophic form of gingivitis after elimination of acute inflammation, surgical excision of the overgrown areas of the mucous membrane of the gums.

Gum topically treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, 0, 25% solution of bleach, 1% sodium iodinol. When necrotizing gingivitis gums treated with enzyme preparations (trypsin, chymotrypsin, RNase, DNase). To restore the integrity of the gum on the gum prescribed application oil solutions of vitamins A and E. The allergic nature of the disease prescribe ointments containing corticosteroid hormones.

It is widely used physiotherapy techniques. In acute exacerbation of chronic gingivitis and gingivitis used to relieve pain microwave therapy, some drugs are administered by electrophoresis. For the purpose of destruction is too sprawling (granulation) tissue in periodontal channels used diathermocoagulation. Physiotherapy has contraindications, for example, it does not apply in tumors and severe diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Prevention of gum disease is a personal oral hygiene, removal of provoking factors: the destruction of dental caries, improperly installed dentures. In order to maintain order in the oral cavity, the need for systematic preventive examinations dentist - he will be able to quickly identify and treat all diseases that can cause gingivitis.

Galina Romanenko

Types of Dental Implants

Dental implants can be immediate, as she held immediately after tooth extraction or remote - after complete healing of the implant in eight to ten months.

The advantages of implantation compared to conventional prosthetics

When implantation may be omitted refacing teeth adjacent to the bridged, substituted for the extreme in the dentition teeth, fixed prosthesis can be installed long-haul, including the complete absence of teeth. Full dentures are well reinforced in the mouth and almost imperceptible to the patient. The introduction of the implant to prevent shrinking (atrophy) of the jaw bone, devoid of the tooth root.

Indications for dental implants

Implantation is carried out:

• If missing one tooth, especially when the adjacent teeth are healthy, - they do not need to dissect;
• If there are defects limited to four or more teeth;
• when edentulous jaws, especially with altered alveolar bone
• when a man can not wear a removable prosthesis due to increased sensitivity to the material from which the prosthesis is made, or in patients with severe gag reflex.

Contraindications for dental implants

Dental implants are not performed:

• if there is a violation of blood coagulation, as well as any blood disease Diseases of the blood - always seriously   and hematopoietic system, the skeletal system, brain and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system;
• malignant tumors;
• if you have a chronic illness with impaired immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   (diabetes, tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   and so on);
• if there is bruxism (unconscious lockjaw).

Relative contraindications (tested after treatment):

• any inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity;
• various anomalies of dental system;
• diseases of the temporomandibular joint;
• precancerous lesions;
• failure to comply with the individual patient's oral hygiene Oral hygiene - not only in the dentist's chair ;
• metal implants in other organs and body systems.

Before the surgery, the implantation

Before surgery, patients received medicines that suppress the activity of oral microflora (antibiotics, sulfonamides). Immediately before the operation must be carefully cleaned his teeth and remove plaque from the tongue.

The implantation is performed under local or general anesthesia. Before the surgery, the patient is administered drugs that enhance the effect of anesthesia, therefore the anesthetist must be notified about whether you are allergic to any medicine.

Operation of dental implants

Implantation operation may be carried out in various ways. There are several types of implantation, depending on where the implant: under the periosteum, bone, to the root of the tooth in the jaw mucosa. Each of these has its indications and contraindications, choice of operation - for the dentist-surgeon.

Operation starts with gum incision in the alveolar bone of the jawbone (which grow teeth) and then peeled off the soft tissue, the implant is introduced and fixed there in various ways depending on the state of the patient's dentition and then the wound is sutured.

Implants can pass one stage when the implants are applied, non-collapsible, and the prosthesis can begin in the first days after surgery. But more often it carried out a two-step implantation: a bone implanted in the root portion of the implant and the wound is sutured over it. After a certain time (three months on the bottom and six months in the upper jaw) joins the head after implantation and implant prosthetics is performed.

After the implant surgery

After the operation on the operated area face superimposed cold, if there is pain, then prescribe pain relievers, the patient continues to take drugs that inhibit the activity of oral microflora (total - six or seven days).

A day after the surgery the wound is treated dentist. The patient rinses his mouth to twenty times a day weak disinfectant solutions. The wound was treated through the day, the stitches are removed after a week. At the same time the patient brushes his teeth every day, do not forget to clean the head of the implant.

Dental implants are troublesome, but it's worth it: you will have teeth, practically does not differ from the natural, just beautiful.

Galina Romanenko