Hip dislocation - a very common injury; approximately 90% of patients with hip dislocation is displaced femoral ago - the so-called posterior dislocation. Hip dislocation is very severe pain; As a rule, the victim can not move my leg, and when there is no nerve damage sensations below the dislocated joint.

Causes

The hip joint connects the femur and pelvic bone: round head first enters the groove located in the second. This joint structure provides it with greater stability and freedom of movement. To move the femur from the recess in the hipbone, it requires a large impact force, and that is what happens when hip dislocation. Traffic accidents are the most common cause of injuries (seat belt use can significantly reduce this risk). The second most common cause of hip dislocation are falling from a height. Obviously, along with the dislocation Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   hip patients often have other, more serious damage - for example, fractures of the pelvis and legs, spinal injuries and head injuries.

When hip dislocation is required to immediately call an ambulance. Do not attempt to straighten a dislocated; if necessary, cover the victim with a blanket or clothes, and stay with him until medical help arrives.

Usually enough for the diagnosis of a visual inspection of the damaged joint. To exclude fractures of the femur and / or pelvis, conduct X-ray examination.

Medical care

If the patient does not have any damage, except the dislocation of the hip, the doctor will give him an anesthetic or sedative and may then sprained joint. In some cases, it required open reduction - surgery to reposition the joint, which is carried out under general anesthesia.

After the necessary medical procedures carried out repeated x-ray and / or CT scan to make sure that the bones of the hip took its normal position.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation after hip dislocation can take a long time - sometimes up to two or three months. Once the pass severe pain, the patient can begin to walk on crutches and perform special exercises, which gradually restore muscle strength and elasticity of ligaments.

Despite a long period of recovery, hip dislocation usually does not cause complications. If, however, with dislocation were damaged blood vessels and nerves that can develop aseptic necrosis or osteoporosis Osteoporosis - he threatens you? .

Dislocation of the forearm - this shift radius and ulna towards the humerus. This displacement of the elbow joint at the junction of three bones. Cases and particularly serious injuries such as fractures (fracture in the arm bone), damage to arteries hand (blood vessels that carry blood to the hand), as well as damage to the nerves located in the elbow joint, which causes pain during movement and violates the sensitivity of the hand and brush.

The most common cause of sprains Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   forearm becomes fall, and usually at arm's length. It can cause dislocation of the forearm, and any traumatic injury (such as a car accident).

Classification of dislocations of the forearm

Type of dislocation depends on the direction in which the displaced bones of the forearm. It may be:

• Posterior dislocation (forearm moves back behind the shoulder bone)
• Anterior dislocation (arm bone moves forward over the shoulder bone)
• The medial dislocation (offset from the axis of the forearm inwards towards the axis of the arm)
• The lateral dislocation (the axis of forearm mixed outward relative to the axis of the shoulder)
• Diverges dislocated (the difference of the forearm bones in opposite directions with respect to the shoulder bone).

Symptoms

• Severe pain in the elbow, swelling and the inability to bend the arm
• In some cases, the hand may lose sensitivity or may disappear pulse at the wrist.
• As a result, the dislocation can be damaged arteries and nerves that pass through the elbow, so the attempt to commit even a slight movement causes severe pain

When to call a doctor

If your arm stopped moving, if there is severe pain in the hand when the hand has lost sensitivity or disappeared pulse at the wrist, you should immediately consult your doctor or the emergency room.

Examinations and Tests

The doctor assigns the following procedures:

• He must ensure that the arteries and nerves are not damaged hands. To do this, it checks the pulse of a patient finds out whether the patient feels his hand, can move the fingers and wrist, and checks to see if the blood to the hand.
• Then an X-ray of the hand. Sometimes sprains are fractures, dislocation and sometimes accompanied by the appearance of cracks in the bone.
• If the doctor suspects damage to the arteries, he appoints arteriogram (X-ray arteries).

Treatment of dislocation of the forearm and care at home

Dislocation of the forearm - this is a serious injury that requires medical attention and treatment. Houses should put ice on the area of ​​the elbow. This will help relieve pain and reduce swelling. But the most important - is to see a doctor.

It should be examined in the hospital, but also in the home, you can determine whether there is damage to the nerves and arteries of the elbow joint.

• To check the condition of the arteries, press lightly on the area below the thumb at the bottom of the wrist. This should be palpable pulse. Click on the tips of his fingers. They should turn white, and then within three seconds to return its normal pink color. If the results of at least one of these tests are negative, you should immediately go to the hospital.
• After three passes elbow nerve. Each nerve has areas that are responsible for the strength and sensitivity. First you need to check the power of flexing the wrist in such a way as if you are saying "stop" (a function of the radial nerve). Then try to spread his fingers (ulnar nerve function). Then connect the thumb and little finger (median nerve function). If you do one of these tests does not work, you need to go to the doctor.
• Check sensitivity, probe arm and hand. If the hand is numb, immediately contact the hospital.

The doctor has the right to (return to the place) by stretching the elbow of the forearm toward the wrist. The elbow joint back into place. This painful procedure, so before the procedure, the patient is given a strong painkiller.

After reposition of the elbow joint, make a radiograph, and then imposed a tire that keeps the elbow flexed. The bus can be cast or can be made of fiberglass. It is applied in the form of the letter «L», grasping the back of the elbow. The tire is applied in order to limit the movement of the arm to the elbow. Also on hand puts a bandage supporting arm in the desired position.

Follow-up

After carrying out these procedures, the patient is sent to the doctor-orthopedist conducting further monitoring of the patient.

It should be a time to wear the tire and avoid movements in the elbow. The arm should be kept as high as possible. To remove the swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause Can be applied to the inflamed area ice.

Typically, a dislocated arm heals quickly. After three to five days of observation orthopedic surgeon prescribes a light exercise for the elbow joint. As a rule, after the recovery is never any serious consequences.

Prevention

Try not to fall on an outstretched hand. Avoid situations in which the risk of falling increases (for example, walking at night or walking on slippery surfaces).