Diabetes - a clinical syndrome, which is characterized by high blood glucose due to insulin deficiency, or insulin reducing effect. Diabetes - a chronic disease that adversely affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fluids and electrolytes. Caused a significant number of cases of diabetes is the synthesis of excess amounts of other hormones, insulin antagonists, e.g., glucagon, pituitary hormones adrenaline and thyroid or increased production of substances inactivating insulin. e.g., insulinase and antagonists of insulin present in plasma. Often diabetes is associated with other conditions, such as blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, disorders of the kidneys and nervous system.
There are two main types of diabetes. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease
(DM-1, formerly called juvenile diabetes) can occur at any age and often occurs in people whose relatives suffered from diabetes of any type. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (SD_2) most often develops in older individuals. The reason SD-1 is the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin due to the presence of damaged or destroyed cells. In the treatment of this disease need regular injections of insulin. In very susceptible people the disease can be the result of infection by a viral infection, such as mumps or rubella.
The diet for patients with diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, affects about 15% of people over 50 years, obviously, it is the result of impaired secretion of insulin or resistance to hormone tissues. This type of diabetes is often treatable by only one proper catering, although some patients require medication. For diabetics it is very important to reduce weight, because obesity increases their insulin resistance. Patients with any type of diabetes requires regular meals to avoid reduction in blood sugar levels
Blood sugar - a very important indicator
. Some insulin-dependent diabetics have to eat every 2-3 hours, and between meals to make snacks.
Catering for the treatment of diabetes is very important. Other important elements of the overall program of treatment is regular exercise and careful personal hygiene. Patients must strictly observe the diet developed based on the type of disease, the individual needs, weight, age, sex, presence of other diseases and how the patient is physically active.
There are two types of diets: with and without weighting. The diets weighting each piece is weighed in the balance. This diet is suitable for those patients who require insulin or taking oral antidiabetic agents, as well as for patients with overweight with a view to cutting back on the diet. Diet without weighing held by those who do not require insulin or oral antidiabetic agents receiving, as well as patients without excess weight. Not every diabetic strict diet is so important. Many patients in the older or in old age develop a mild form of diabetes, which is associated with moderate overweight. Such patients may well come a diet without weighing.
Nutritional Needs
Catering is an integral part of the treatment of diabetes. Diet should always be designed so that the patient receives all the essential nutrients. From time to time in the diet should be modified to adjust the metabolic needs. For example, during growth, pregnancy, breast-feeding
Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!
or in case of changes in the intensity of physical activity.
What you can and can not have diabetes mellitus
Patients were assigned a diet rich in protein, normal in fat, but with the restriction of certain carbohydrates. This limitation is not so much the quantity as the quality of carbohydrates, because not all uglevodosoderzhaschie products equally quickly raise blood sugar, some do it slowly - that is their something and can be used as received drugs allow a timely manner and without harm to health spread in the body enrolled glucose.
Carbohydrates are simple and complex. Simple, easily assimilated and rapidly absorbed after meals and also quickly increase the level of blood sugar. Complex carbohydrates (also called polysaccharides), on the contrary, are absorbed slowly, and some of them are not at all absorbed and excreted from the body in its original form. Vegetables and fruit, for example, contains in its composition, not only easily assimilated glucose and cellulose, which are not fully digested and delay the absorption of glucose. You can eat wholemeal bread, porridge made of buckwheat, oats, barley, millet, corn grits. But rice and semolina best avoided.
It is very harmful for diabetics sugar products produced by man: sweets, including candy, ice cream, cakes, jams, fruit compotes, sweet wines, carbonated soft drinks, etc. When such foods blood sugar rises sharply and may cause deterioration of the patient (who hyperglycemic).
For those who can not live without the sweet, invented sahorozameniteli. They are natural (made from fruits and berries) and artificial. The natural sugar substitutes can not be abused, as they too can cause a rise in blood sugar. Artificial Sweetener
Sweeteners: the benefits and harms of artificial sweeteners
(slastiliny) have no effect on blood sugar.
Diet
The proper rhythm of food as healthy, and for diabetics - a six-meal, which includes breakfast, lunch and dinner, as well as three small snacks. This decreases the amount of food at each meal, and hence the load on the pancreas to produce insulin. In addition, frequent intake of food reduces the risk of a sharp decrease in blood sugar (hypoglycemia), which is also dangerous and may cause coma.
The principle of a six-power diabetics also provides for a gradual increase in revenue carbohydrate foods for dinner and a reduction of the carbohydrate load in the afternoon. It must also comply with the reception time or the introduction of sugar-reducing drugs.
Can you drink a lot, if you really want
Diabetic patients often expressed a thirst, especially when blood sugar is elevated (body tends to dilute the blood of a more liquid). You can drink, but if you do not have any disease of the heart or kidney disease, in which an increased amount of fluid in the bloodstream can create additional problems. Such problems could arise, for example if you have high blood pressure.
What about alcohol?
Alcohol can cause hypoglycaemia (a sharp drop in blood sugar), as blocks enzymes that destroy insulin. Therefore, after drinking alcohol need to eat well. But in this case, if alcohol use frequently, and it may cause increase in the blood sugar, as after ingestion of large amounts of food are always increased blood sugar. A small amount of alcohol (50-100 grams of vodka, a glass of dry wine or beer during the evening) is sometimes permissible.
To diet helps you cope with the disease, it is necessary to know its basic rules and stick with them for life. Small deviations from these rules are not afraid, if you get a designated physician medical treatment and control of blood sugar content.
