Each year, it registered 448 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (these include syphilis, gonorrhea Gonorrhea - self-ruled , Chlamydia and trichomoniasis). Some STIs are asymptomatic. In pregnant women with untreated syphilis at an early stage of development, 25% of pregnancies result in stillbirth and 14% in neonatal death -. STIs are the main preventable cause of infertility The causes of infertility - heredity and lifestyle Especially among women.

Infection

STIs spread mainly through sexual contact. There are more than 30 types of bacteria, viruses and parasites that can be transmitted sexually. Some of them, such as HIV, and syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy.

The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections and their pathogens:

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae (causes gonorrhea or gonococcal infection).
• Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia causes).
• Treponema pallidum (syphilis).
• Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid).

Viral STIs

• Human immunodeficiency virus (causes AIDS).
• Herpes virus type 2 (genital herpes).
• Human papillomavirus (genital warts, and sometimes cervical cancer in women).
• Hepatitis B virus B.

Parasitic STI

• Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis).
• Candida albicans (vulvovaginitis in women; inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin in men).

STIs without symptoms

There are STDs that occur without any noticeable symptoms. For example, 70% of women and a significant proportion of men infected with chlamydia or gonorrhea, do not experience symptoms. However, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms of STIs can lead to serious complications.

STI negative impact on women's health

In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment of STIs can have a critical impact on the reproductive function of women, the health of the pregnant and the unborn child. STIs are the main preventable cause of infertility, particularly in women.

Many STIs can become a cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which, in turn, 40-50% increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Infections caused by certain types of HPV may lead to development of genital cancers, particularly cervical cancer.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes

Untreated STIs are associated with the risk of congenital and perinatal infections in neonates, particularly in regions where the prevalence of these infections remains high, and treatment options are not enough.

For example, in the absence of adequate preventive measures for pregnant women with gonorrhea in 30-50% of cases, and with chlamydia - in 30% of cases, children are born with a serious eye infection that without early treatment leads to loss of vision. Around the world each year for this reason 1000-4000 newborns become blind (the vast majority of these deaths occur in third world countries).

HIV

Untreated STIs in 10 times increases the risk of both HIV infection and transmission of the virus to another person. To reduce this risk, you need as quickly as possible to treat any sexually transmitted infections. Infection control, sexually transmitted diseases, is no less important for preventing HIV than condom use and limiting the number of sexual partners. Meanwhile, HIV is the most dangerous of all sexually transmitted infections - although now carriers of the virus can live for many years after infection, the need to constantly take medication, and stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis Almost inevitably associated with the disease, can significantly reduce the quality of life of those infected. Prevention of HIV and STIs in general, all is one of the priorities of the health systems of many countries.

Every person who has sex can be infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - it does not matter, you are heterosexual, homosexual, prefer oral, anal or vaginal sex. Although condoms are very reliable protection against many STDs, no method of protection does not give an absolute guarantee. This is especially true for diseases such as genital warts and genital herpes.

Symptoms of STIs is not always apparent. If you find something that you think may be a sign of an STD, see a doctor immediately. Some diseases, quite innocuous in themselves, may increase the chance of contracting other STDs, the most dangerous of them - HIV. For example, sores that appear on the genital herpes during exacerbations, greatly contribute to HIV infection. Some STDs in the later stages of development can become a cause of infertility.

Since many STDs are asymptomatic, at least in the early stages (HIV can not be felt for several years after infection), it is important to undergo regular medical examinations.

Symptoms of chlamydia

This is the most common STD is the least symptoms, so notice it at an early stage is very difficult. However, in some patients 1-3 weeks after infection chlamydia symptoms such as pain during urination, pain in the lower abdomen, heavy vaginal discharge, sometimes - with a strong unpleasant odor; discharge from the penis; Pain during sexual intercourse in women.

Symptoms of gonorrhea

Gonorrhea or gonorrhea, a bacterial urinary tract infection. The first symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2-10 days after infection. However, some people may carry the infection a few months before their symptoms appear. Symptoms of gonorrhea include: thick, clotted, and / or bloody discharge from the vagina or penis; pain or burning when urinating; more frequent than normal urination; pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis - a common STD that causes celled parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Typically, the microorganism infects the urogenital tract of women, but often at the same time for a long time no symptoms. In women, trichomoniasis are the following symptoms: yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong unpleasant odor; itching and irritation of the vaginal walls; pain during intercourse; painful urination; slight vaginal bleeding during menstruation.

Symptoms of HIV

HIV - human immunodeficiency virus - violates the body's ability to resist viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause various diseases. Many patients with HIV becomes AIDS - a chronic, lethal disease that is currently incurable. In the early stages of symptoms of HIV, in most cases, not available; in some patients 2-6 weeks after infection with symptoms similar to the flu or the common cold, that will soon pass. However, at this stage, blood can not always detect HIV. And in this period especially patients with HIV is contagious.

Significant and serious symptoms can appear years after infection. As the virus multiplies and destroys immune cells, HIV symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, cough and shortness of breath. In the later stages symptoms include constant fatigue wanton; very heavy sweating at night; shivering or temperatures above 38C, continuing for several weeks; swollen lymph nodes for more than three months; chronic diarrhea; constant headaches.

Symptoms of genital herpes

Genital herpes - is a highly contagious disease that is caused by herpes simplex viruses Herpes simplex - in fact, not so simple   (HSV). HSV enters the body through a small break in the skin or mucosa. Most people, in which the organisms present HSV never know about it, because the symptoms they do not have.

For those patients whose symptoms are still there, the first episode is usually the most severe. Often it is the only one; some people have a second episode occurs in a few decades.

The main symptoms of genital herpes Genital Herpes - Symptoms of chronic viral infection : Small red bumps, blisters (vesicles) or open sores on the genitals and anus; pain and itching in the genital area, buttocks and inner thighs. As a rule, first itching, a few days later - the blisters, which then burst and bleed. During this period they are especially painful. A few days later the ulcers heal on their own. Typically, herpes transmitted only during such episodes, but for some people the infection remains active even at a time when any of its outward signs are absent.

Symptoms of genital warts

Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), and are one of the most common STDs. Among the symptoms of the disease: small pineal education genital itching and discomfort in the genital area, bleeding during intercourse. Warts can also be formed in the mouth and throat, if a person was engaged in oral sex with an infected partner.

Symptoms of hepatitis

Hepatitis A, B and C are infectious viral infection that affects the liver. Most dangerous hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The symptoms are: fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, loss of appetite, fever, dark urine, pain in the muscles and ligaments, itching, yellowish skin and whites of the eyes.

Symptoms of syphilis

Syphilis - a bacterial infection that affects the genitals, skin and mucous membranes, and occasionally some organs, including the brain and heart.

He observed different symptoms at different stages of the disease: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. In the primary stage, symptoms occur within a period of ten days to three months after infection: there, where to hit the bacteria appears chancre (usually one, but sometimes more than one). It usually occurs on the genitals, rectum, tongue or on the lips. Also, swollen lymph nodes. These symptoms will soon disappear without treatment.

Symptoms of secondary stage of syphilis begin to appear 2-10 weeks after the appearance of the chancre. Among them: a rash in the form of rather large red or reddish-brown sores all over the body, including the palms and soles of the feet; fever, weakness, and a vague feeling of discomfort; pain in various body parts. These symptoms may disappear also after a few weeks; in some patients they regularly disappear and reappear throughout the year.

In some patients for the secondary phase is followed by a latent - in this period, the symptoms are completely absent.

If the patient is not treated, there comes a tertiary phase - by the time the syphilis bacteria spread throughout the body, damaging internal organs; a few years after infection, the patient's death can occur.

The consequences of syphilis in this step may be a stroke, multiple infections, inflammation of the brain membranes, meningitis Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges , Incoordination, paralysis, inflammation of the aorta and other blood vessels, aneurysms, valvular heart disease. This is not a complete list of diseases, pending the person who begins to treat syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus   during.

If you find yourself in the symptoms of any STIs, seek medical advice immediately. If you do not have anxiety symptoms, sexually active people will still need to be screened at least twice a year.