Female reproductive system and thyroid gland is closely linked single "control center": the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus - pituitary gland. This system supports and controls using their own genitals hormone function and thyroid. In turn, the latter can also have an impact on your "command center." And any changes in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland lead to disturbances in their regulatory systems.

Influence of thyroid gland in the female reproductive system, including during pregnancy

It was found that thyroid hormones, female sex hormones, hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary can mutually influence each other. Thus, in hypothyroidism decreases the secretion of luteinizing (LH) pituitary gonadotropic hormone, which regulates the second phase of the menstrual cycle, including the secretion of female hormone progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . Reduced thyroid function may lead to changes in the menstrual cycle, infertility, miscarriages and premature births.

Pregnancy has a significant effect on the thyroid gland. For a stimulating effect on the thyroid gland has the pregnancy hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is structurally similar to thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary (TSH). Under the action of the hormone thyroid tissue growing (tissue proliferation). Moreover, proliferation of tissue may cause thyroid and estrogens. This causes diffuse (all tissues) enlargement of the thyroid gland.

All these processes lead to an increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones in the first trimester of pregnancy, which can manifest appearance of a woman's irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Palpitations, high blood pressure and so on. Already in the second trimester thyroid hormone levels can bounce back, since the amount of hCG in the blood gradually decreases, this leads to the formation of some women of hypothyroidism, which is dangerous to the fetus - a lack of thyroid hormone can lead to abnormal brain function.

Thus, the reproductive function of women is closely related to the function of the thyroid gland. And as thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer: it is curable   It occurs more frequently in women of reproductive age, and in pregnant women it is not uncommon. It was established that in this age of the women developed mainly differentiated (milder) thyroid cancer.

Cancer of the thyroid gland during pregnancy

In recent years, the incidence of cancer of the thyroid gland during pregnancy has increased worldwide, which apparently is due on one side to improve the detection of this disease in the early stages, and the other - with increasing background radiation environment.

Differentiated thyroid cancer usually forms occur in the early stages of symptoms as a function of the gland is not disturbed. This may well come a pregnancy. Thyroid cancer may begin during pregnancy due to violation of compensatory possibilities gland, iodine deficiency and high radiation environment.

Therefore, it is important to detect and treat this disease. Pregnant women performed ultrasound of the thyroid gland and identify it, even small nodules (1 cm) - aspiration biopsy, which allows to establish the nature of these nodules and exclude thyroid cancer.

A feature of differentiated thyroid cancer is its slow growth, which in most cases for small sites to continue the pregnancy. It was also found that the changes that occur in the thyroid gland during pregnancy, do not have a stimulating effect on the growth of thyroid cancer. Differentiated cancer also no adverse effects on pregnancy.

Treatment

First of all, the question of a possible maintaining pregnancy. It can be saved if the node is small and examination revealed a differentiated form of cancer - a tumor composed of cells similar to the cells of the thyroid gland (the more different tumor cells from the tissue from which they were formed, the more dangerous the tumor).

In the course of examination is required to be set stage of the disease to the extent that proliferation of the primary tumor and its metastases to nearby lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system Metastasis to distant organs and tissues age and pregnant women (under the age of 45 years favorable for thyroid cancer).

In identifying a woman differentiated thyroid cancer stages I and II, surgical treatment during the second trimester of pregnancy, when the tumor was discovered in the third trimester, treatment should be deferred until delivery. For large tumors grow into nearby organs or giving metastases, pregnancy is terminated and carried out a complete treatment.

Galina Romanenko

During pregnancy, particularly during the early stages it is better not to use any drugs. But there are situations when you need to take some pain reliever and fever reducer. In such cases, the aid comes paracetamol.

In some cases, a pregnant woman may need paracetamol

First of all, for colds, accompanied by high fever. The temperature up to 38, 5 ° C is better to withdraw these funds, such as tea with honey and raspberry jam, an infusion of lime blossom. But if the temperature rises even higher, it can be dangerous for pregnant women, so you should take an antipyretic.

Antipyretics such as aspirin, Nurofen Nurofen: antipyretic and analgesic   and other related nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, are contraindicated in pregnancy because they give many complications, including the part of the fetus.

Pratsetamol certainly not absolutely harmless drug, however, has not yet been cases where, after its reception in pregnant women appear to some complications, including those from the fetus.

Sometimes there is a need for a paracetamol in anesthetics, such as headache or toothache Toothache - itself does not take place . The length of his course to take is not necessary, but if you take some time, then no harm.

What is acetaminophen and how it works

Paracetamol - is an analgesic and antipyretic agent which also has anti-inflammatory properties of light. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of paracetamol is associated with the fact that it inhibits the formation of prostaglandins - biologically active substances involved in the inflammatory process. Zharopornizhayuschee effect of this drug is associated with a direct impact on the thermoregulatory center, which is located in the brain in the hypothalamus.

Following ingestion of paracetamol is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and into the blood, and then distributed in tissues and body fluids (excluding adipose tissue and cerebrospinal fluid). Including Paracetamol crosses the placental barrier and reaches the fetus. Paracetamol is destroyed in the liver and excreted in the urine as metabolic products (metabolites). Certain metabolic products thus possess toxic properties and can cause tissue damage.

Take acetaminophen for various pain - headache, toothache, pain in the muscles and nerves in the course of appearing with injuries, burns.

In addition, take paracetamol in infectious and inflammatory diseases of different origin, which are accompanied by high fever.

Paracetamol is produced under various names (paracetamol kalpol, efferalgan, Panadol) in tablets, soluble tablets, powder for solution, in a suspension for oral administration in syrup and rectal suppositories. According to the testimony of a pregnant woman can take a pill of 200 mg of paracetamol. Thus it is better to use the soluble forms of paracetamol, they will start to operate.

Paracetamol is not completely safe drug overdose when there are such symptoms as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain. In this case, it is recommended to wash out the stomach, take activated charcoal Activated carbon - old but indispensable   and seek medical advice.

Contraindications Paracetamol are hypersensitivity to the drug, severe liver disease and kidney with a violation of their functions, some congenital enzyme disorders (lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phenylketonuria), and blood diseases.

In conventional therapeutic doses paracetamol is well tolerated, but sometimes it may cause side effects in the blood: a reduction in the blood amounts of granular leukocytes (lowered immunity), trombotstitov (tendency to bleed) and the formation of methemoglobin (this is the most dangerous for pregnant women, as hemoglobin moves to tissue oxygenation, and if it is converted to methemoglobin, the fabric suffer from lack of oxygen). Chronic administration of high doses of acetaminophen can have toxic effects on the liver and kidneys. Also possible allergic reactions in the form of various rashes, swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   Angioedema.

Paracetamol is not always combined with other drugs, so if a pregnant woman by a doctor is already taking some medication, before taking acetaminophen to get to know your doctor as taking them combined.

Paracetamol is definitely not contraindicated during pregnancy, but it should be taken with caution, carefully weighing the potential benefits from taking it to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

Galina Romanenko