What happens in the body during allergic reactions

Nerve impulses are transmitted to the body by means of special substances - mediators. One of the mediators is histamine, which is actively involved in metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   and in allergic reactions. All sensitive to histamine receptor H1 is not divided (responsible for the reaction of bronchial tissue swelling) and H 2 (responsible for gastric acid secretion).

Free histamine in the body are relatively few, but the effect of his extraordinarily diverse and covers a wide variety of physiological processes and functions. Under the influence of histamine increases the permeability of vascular wall, decreases blood pressure, increased lacrimation, and gastric secretion, decreased urine output.

Violations of histamine metabolism causes allergic reactions. Under the influence of the complex and the processes occurring in the body, the blood enters the free histamine and sometimes it goes too much then there is an allergic reaction.

Antihistamine drugs

Antihistamine drugs - a means of blocking the histamine receptors and a histamine yield blood. H1 receptor blockers relieve muscle spasms caused by histamine bronchial tubes, reducing the permeability of small blood vessels, and thus tissue swelling, prevent a sharp drop in blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing? Make it easier for allergic reactions. H2 receptor blockers reduce gastric secretion and are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diazolin - antihistamine

Diazolin (INN - mebhydrolin) is one of the oldest, time-tested antihistamines - H1 receptor blockers.

Diazolin has protivoalergicheskoe, antipruritic, anti-edema effect. Soothing have diazolin is weak, it can be used in drug cases where undesirable inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.

Diazolin blocks histamine H1 receptors, lowers the tone of smooth muscles of internal organs, which removes her spasm, and hence the pain (eg, in the stomach). Under its action reduces the permeability of capillaries and stops the development of edema, itching decreases.

Available diazolin tablets and coated tablets, there is a pill with a special children's dosage.

To appoint diazolin

A special feature is the soft diazolin action and the lack of serious side effects, including pronounced soothing. Diazolin indicated for a variety of allergic diseases:

• hay fever;
• urticaria, angioedema;
• itching dermatoses (eczema, atopic dermatitis);
• skin ulcers;
• allergic rhinitis;
• allergic conjunctivitis;
• skin reactions after insect bites;
• asthma (in combination therapy);
• allergic reactions to medications, food and other

When pregnancy diazolin should be taken with great caution, despite the fact that it is relatively safe, it is used for a long time and obvious adverse effects on the fetus were observed. But it should be taken only as a last resort, and not long after consultation with the doctor.

Precautions should be taken diazolin epilepsy Epilepsy - a sacred disease , Heart rhythm disturbances, when & liver and kidney diseases, as well as people engaged in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and rapid psychomotor reactions.

Contraindications diazolin

Despite the relative safety diazolin, its reception has several limitations. Diazolin is contraindicated in:

• enlarged prostate;
• glaucoma;
• gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;
• inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase;
• hypersensitivity to diazolin;
• the age of two.

Side effects that may occur while taking Diazolinum

Like any antihistamine diazolin has side effects:

• the nervous system and sensory organs: fatigue, slow reaction rate, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Drowsiness;
• on the part of the gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, heartburn, nausea, pain in the epigastric region;
• moreover, can be urination disorders, allergic reactions, a decrease in the number of leukocytes, granulocytes, which have the protective function.

Diazolin - a time-tested non-toxic and effective enough, he will help with not too pronounced allergic reactions, but as with all antihistamines, it is better to use prescribed by a doctor.

Types of allergens

Allergens - the substances that cause allergies. These may be proteins, complex compound of nonprotein nature (polysaccharides), common chemicals and certain chemical elements. Simple chemical substances and more complex substances are non-protein nature allergens only after the connection to the tissues of the body proteins. But not every chemical combining with proteins, it is an allergen. Many drugs in the body bind to blood proteins and are allergens.

All allergens are divided into two groups: enter the body from the outside (ekzoallergeny) and formed in the body (or autoallergens endoallengeny). Ekzoallergeny in turn are divided into infectious and non-infectious. For non-infectious allergens include household, epidermal (pet dander), drugs, industrial chemicals, pollen (pollen) and food allergens.

Household allergens

The main role among them is played house dust. This is a complex composition of the allergen, which includes dust particles (with clothing, bedding, etc.), fungi (in wet rooms), pieces of household insects (bedbugs, mites). These allergens often cause allergic respiratory disease - dust allergy. In humans sensitized to a single insect, there is usually a reaction to allergens and other insects of this family.

In recent years become important antigens from different species of Daphnia, since the latter are widely used for feeding aquarium fish and become a cause of allergic respiratory diseases.

Home allergic to house dust

The most active are the beginning of the dust mites. The house dust can be detected up to fifty species of ticks, and 1 g of house dust can be up to several thousand mites. The house dust also contains bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus), molds and other fungi and so on.

When dust allergies frequently occur immediate type allergic reactions, which proceed with the formation of antibodies, called reagin belonging to the class of immunoglobulin E (IgE). When connecting the reagin with appropriate allergen (antigen) from these cells release mediators (such as histamine), which cause 15-20 minutes after exposure to the allergen allergic reactions.

Allergic reactions of immediate type arising during inhalation from house dust, appear as bronchial asthma, urticaria, edema Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   Angioedema, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis. Less experience an allergic reaction of delayed type - dermatitis and eczema. In the development of these diseases is very important hereditary imperfection of the immune system The immune system - how it works?   - Increased ability to respond to an allergy to the impact of external factors. This condition is called atopy.

Dust allergy is different year-round course, sometimes summer marked improvement associated with a minimum concentration of allergen in the air. Aggravation possible in September and October due to the period of breeding dust mites.

Dust allergy is characterized by distinct remissions (states outside exacerbations) at the termination of contact with the allergen. Joining chronic respiratory diseases and bacterial allergy is rare.

Diagnosis of household allergies

The diagnosis is established household allergens using allergy diagnostic skin tests, which detect household allergens. ALWAYS immunogram, which identifies various violations of the individual components of immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults . Do allergies usually shows a large amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE), which are the antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   to household allergens.

Treatment of household allergies

Treatment household allergies, primarily is to eliminate contact with house dust. If the total exclusion of such contact is not possible, carry out year-round specific (allergen caused by allergies) desensitization - lowering the body's sensitivity to an allergen by subcutaneous injection of allergen extracts in gradually increasing doses, which removes the allergic disposition of the body in relation to a particular allergen.

Home allergy requires careful isolation from the allergen that can be achieved by changing the conditions of life and the maintenance of order in the apartment.

  Galina Romanenko