Why develop an anaphylactic shock

Any foreign substance (such as bacteria, viruses, medications, insect venom, and so on), introduced in the body, called an antigen, and in order to remove it, the body produces antibodies that by sticking with the antigen, are precipitated and removed from the body . This is a normal reaction of the body.

But sometimes the body gives the introduction of the antigen response increased dramatically with the release of huge amounts of antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   (sensitization), which are deposited in the organs and tissues, and are activated when the re-introduction of this antigen.

When connecting the antigen-antibody released a number of biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin), which cause an increase in the permeability of blood vessels, disturbance of blood circulation in small blood vessels, muscle spasm of internal organs and a number of other disorders. This facilitates the exit of the liquid portion of the blood into tissues and blood clots. The blood accumulates in the periphery, internal organs and the brain does not get enough oxygen, which is the main cause of loss of consciousness.

How does an anaphylactic shock

Start of acute anaphylactic shock, sometimes lightning.

Mild anaphylactic shock (duration of development - from a few minutes to two hours), the patient first itch, then there is a feeling of heaviness and tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, skin redness, sneezing, runny nose, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Headaches, palpitations, hot flashes, increasing weakness.

The average severity of anaphylactic shock: reddening of the skin is replaced by pallor, blood pressure suddenly drops Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing? , Quickens the heartbeat, pain in the heart Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor , Severe weakness. There are a variety of neurological symptoms: dizziness, blurred vision, anxiety, hearing loss, ringing and buzzing in the ears, and so on. Against this background, possible development of an attack of asthma, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) and kidneys (excessive urination).

Severe anaphylactic shock is characterized by the development of a lightning collapse (sudden severe weakness of cardiac activity and a drop in blood pressure). The patient rapidly fades, pulse is hard, falling blood pressure, loss of consciousness occurs, the pupils are dilated, their reaction to light almost absent. If blood pressure continues to fall, the heart stops and stops breathing. Sometimes the shock lasts for just a minute and ends with death.

After suffering an anaphylactic shock there is a period of immunity, which lasts 2 - 3 weeks. At this time, allergy disappear (or greatly reduced). Subsequently, the degree of sensitization increases sharply, and displays the following cases of anaphylactic shock to the substance, even if it occurs after months or years are more severe.

Complications of anaphylactic shock

After an anaphylactic shock can develop complications such as allergic defeat of the heart muscle (myocarditis) and liver (hepatitis), kidneys (glomerulonephritis), and various lesions of the nervous system and others. There may also worsen chronic diseases.

Help with anaphylactic shock

Medical help a patient in a state of anaphylactic shock, should be made clearly, quickly, in the correct sequence. First of all, you need to stop further flow of the allergen into the body: to suspend the introduction of the drug, carefully remove the sting with poison sac if stung by a bee. Above the injection site (stinging) need to apply a tourniquet (when possible). Place drug administration (stinging) is usually cut away to create a solution of adrenaline local spasm of blood vessels, preventing the rapid spread of the allergen.

The patient is placed in a position that prevents the tongue and getting vomit in the airway, provide fresh air, provide oxygen to breathe oxygen from the pillows.

Further treatment of anaphylaxis is aimed at neutralizing the biologically active substances produced by the reaction of antigen - antibody, normalization of the cardiovascular and respiratory activity, a decrease in vascular permeability and prevention of late complications in the internal organs.

Prevention of anaphylactic shock

Predict the occurrence of anaphylactic shock in most cases impossible. But we must pay attention to the symptoms of allergy to a substance (drug, food) and then try to avoid the re-introduction of this substance into the body.

What is asthma

The main symptom of asthma is asthma attacks with labored breath due to increased motor activity of the bronchial tubes, which the body's response to the impact of various external and internal stimuli.

Causes

Asthma can be on a background of congenital allergy (atopy) to any of the substances - is a form of atopic asthma. These people have allergic reactions begin at birth and at first take place in the form of atopic dermatitis (exudative diathesis). With age, dermatitis can go (but may remain), but start asthma attacks.

It may be another form of asthma - an infectious-allergic, which is generated and exacerbated by bacterial and viral infections in people who do not have atopy.

Predisposing factors of asthma include endocrine disorders, cold and damp climate disadvantage ecological situation.

How to start a bronchial asthma (predastmy)

For some time before a person becomes ill with bronchial asthma, it may appear harbingers of disease. Most of these precursors appear after suffering a respiratory viral disease, or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

At night or in the morning may appear allergic rhinitis and paroxysmal cough that is not alleviated by taking cough medicines. Most often, the cough is still recovering from a viral infection or after exacerbation of chronic bronchitis Bronchitis - protection if the body has malfunctioned . Examination may reveal that a power ramp period expiration, indicating that latent bronchospasm.

The attack

Asthma attacks in bronchial asthma - it is an inappropriate response of the organism to various stimuli. The organism responds bronchoconstriction, edema of the mucosa, and mucus hypersecretion, causing clogged bronchi develops asthma attack.

The attack of asthma often begins suddenly. But sometimes it may first appear stuffy nose, itchy skin, shortness of breath, the desire to clear his throat. Then begins a dry cough Dry cough - whether to worry about it? Which contribute to increasing breathlessness. If you take a sitting position, it relieves, because it helps to put into operation the auxiliary respiratory muscles. The chest expanded considerably lengthened breath, wheezing in the lungs could be heard in the distance. An attack can last from several minutes to several hours and ends with the appearance of cough and discharge of small amounts of phlegm.

In severe asthma attacks are ongoing. This condition is called status asthmaticus.

Complications

When asthma runs for a long time and is accompanied by frequent attacks, there may come a sustained expansion of the lung sacs (alveoli) - is emphysema Emphysema - a deadly disease . Other complications include chronic bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi accession infection), pulmonary fibrosis (lung function due to the proliferation in their connective tissue), pulmonary heart disease Heart failure - when the heart is unable to cope with the work   (activity of the heart is broken because of the stagnation of blood in the lungs). All of these complications are quickly formed with the merger of infection.

Treatment of asthma

The main objective in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma is to prevent asthma attacks. Nowadays, in most cases it is quite possible with proper and timely treatment. In addition, there are the principles of emergency treatment during an attack of breathlessness.

• What to do when asthma attack

Emergency aid for asthma attacks are usually carried out sick relatives or prescribed by a doctor. At the first signs of suffocation need to do inhalation drugs, relieve bronchospasm of metered manual inhaler (1-2 doses of salbutamol, beroteka et al.). The drug for inhalation selected individually - it all depends on the patient's general condition. If the attack is not removed, it is necessary to call an ambulance, or go into a bout of asthma status, which is much more difficult to be removed only in the hospital.

• Treatment is aimed at preventing asthma attacks

Such treatment should be aimed at the cessation of contact with allergens and removal allergic attitude towards individual allergens. To do this, conducted specific immunotherapy (subcutaneous injection of extracts of allergens in gradually increasing doses).

In addition, to prevent attacks carried out restorative treatment, treatment with bronchodilators (drugs relieving bronchospasm), anti-inflammatory treatment (in the presence of inflammation in the lungs or bronchial tubes), courses physiotherapy, exercise therapy. Belle is a preventive and a spa treatment.