Causes of Diphtheria

Diphtheria - a bacterium known as diphtheria toxin. Exotoxin produced toxigenic strains Corynebacterium diphtheridae, which enter the bloodstream and cause destruction of tissue in the infected area, usually in the nose and mouth. Severe course of the disease, there is often a strong intoxication, sore throat and respiratory tract. In addition, in the absence of timely treatment of diphtheria is fraught with serious complications - edema Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   throat and respiratory failure, cardiac and kidney, nervous system.

Diphtheria is transmitted by droplet infection from patients or from healthy diphtheria bacteria carriers, in rare cases - through infected objects (such as clothing, toys or utensils).

Symptoms of diphtheria

Diphtheria occurs in different ways, but in all cases the following symptoms:

• Discharge from the nose as at a cold
• Swelling of the pharynx and larynx
• A sore throat
• Swelling of the skin or eyes (this symptom is quite rare)
• Headache
• Sickness
• Skin ulcers
• Double vision
• The increase in cervical lymph nodes
• Heavy breathing

The effects and complications of diphtheria

Treatment of diphtheria in the early stage enables complete recovery, without any complications, although the length of cure is dependent on the severity of the infection. When left untreated can result in serious complications, including heart, which can lead to coma, paralysis, or even death.

Treatment of diphtheria

If you suspect a diphtheria or diagnosis of infectious disease is performed emergency hospitalization as a patient requires bed rest and careful nursing. Particular attention should be paid to nutrition, fluid intake, prevention of hypoxia.

To kill bacteria patient prescribed antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? And being vaccinated to prevent diphtheria future.

How can I prevent diphtheria?

The main and most effective way to prevent diphtheria - vaccinations. The vaccine against diphtheria (toxoids) is administered in a single dose intramuscular young children and preschool children, older children and adults can be administered deep subcutaneously. Secondary injection toxoids administered school-age children, and repeat it over 10 years, when children leave school (16 - 18 years).

How to avoid infection

The children found more than 15 kinds of helminthiasis, of which the most common enterobiasis and ascariasis. These diseases occur chronically and lead to deterioration of the general health of the baby. Prevention of worms in children Worms in children - if the worms eat inside   It includes a variety of measures aimed at combating parasites.

Primary prevention

This set of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of helminthiasis. Proper nutrition of the child from the first days of life - based on such preventive measures. Vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber should always be present in the diet in sufficient quantities.

Culinary processing of food - the major component of primary prevention. At the use of smoked and heat-treated with enough meat and fish products significantly increases the risk of infection by parasitic worms. Vegetables, herbs, fruits and berries should be washed thoroughly before eating. But the quality of the water that is used for these purposes must also comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.

If the home has pets, especially dogs and cats, they can be carriers of worms. Therefore it is very important proper care of pets and their timely deworming.

Each child must have their own bed linens, clothing, towels, personal hygiene items and everyday items. These measures will prevent worms from infecting other people.

The child must sleep and perform outdoors enough time. It helps to strengthen his immune system. During the warmer months, when the child spends much time on the street or in the countryside, it is important to remember that it can get through the soil, water, wild fruits and berries.

Secondary prevention

These measures are aimed at recognition of helminthiasis. To do this, it examined like a sick child and his family. In some cases, under medical supervision should be infected peers from kindergarten or school.

All persons who are ill, are subject to de-worming. It is also detected and eliminated the source of helminthiasis, which can be, for example, natural or artificial ponds, animals on farms.

When geohelminthiasis (where the parasite develops without an intermediate host) the person does not infect other people. Parasite eggs to maturity and are accumulated in an environment. Therefore, for the prevention of helminthiasis should be carried out disinfection of sewage and waste and clean soil from the eggs of worms.

Biogelmentozy - a disease in which the parasites develop in the body of living creatures (intermediate hosts). Man often becomes the ultimate owner of the helminth.

Also highlights risk factors that facilitate child helminth infection. These include:

• Unsanitary living conditions;
• Predisposition to diathesis;
• Immunodeficiency states;
• Frequent illness (especially SARS).

Tertiary prevention

This event, which prevent the worsening of helminthiasis and its complications. Tertiary prevention is largely the same as the treatment of disease, and includes the principles of primary and secondary prevention (eg, lifestyle and nutrition).

If the impact of helminths on the child's body anemia Anemia - when you do not have enough blood , He prescribed iron supplements. Multivitamin complexes will also be helpful. If disturbed digestion and absorption in the intestine, the enzyme preparations will improve these processes. In those cases where metabolites parasites develop allergic reactions Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat , Patients were administered antihistamines past generations.

Prevention enterobiasis

Enterobiasis - a disease that causes small round worms, pinworms. An infected child - the source of infection for other children.

This bot is called disease of dirty hands. Sick child itching in the anus and perineum and brushing the skin in these places. Helminth eggs by touching recorded to other parts of the body, get on underwear and bed linen, furniture, flooring, toys, utensils and other items. This creates the conditions for the infection of children and re self.

To prevent enterobiasis child from an early age should observe good personal hygiene. The children's groups children should be screened for enterobiasis using the method of tape or scraping.

If a child from preschool enterobiasis detected again, its bed should stand apart from the other children beds. Going to the toilet and hand-washing should be carried out under the supervision of adults. Pot of such a child must be treated with boiling water.

In order to prevent the dispersion in the environment of pinworm eggs during the treatment of the child and three days after it every day, you need to wet cleaning of premises where the child is. You can use soap-soda solution, rags then it is necessary to boil.

Morning and evening, the patients need to wash away. Pants baby needs to be changed every day, in the morning, after waking up. After washing, be sure to iron them with a hot iron. At cowards should be tight bands around the waist and legs, so that the child is not the night combing the skin hands.

Prevention ascaridosis

It geohelminthiasis and people - the source of infection and the definitive host of the parasite. A child can get sick ascariasis in the use of food and water that contain the eggs of Ascaris. To prevent infection, the child should observe good personal hygiene: wash your hands before eating food is the only well-washed raw fruits and vegetables.

Proper nutrition, strengthening the immune system Strengthening the immune system - help the immune system   and observance of simple hygienic requirements to help protect children from catching the worms. If the child is still sick, you should as soon as possible to begin treatment to the adverse effects on the body was minimal and did not have any complications.