In real life it happens to a lot of different situations, and not very pleasant. No one is immune from unpleasant accidents. In the modern world, and emancipation are quite frequent casual sex. Someone is interested in them, but for some it is an extra headache Headache: Causes and Complications . And I want to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy and, of course, from infections, sexually transmitted diseases. An ideal contraceptive in this case is a condom. But what if a partner refuses to use it, citing a variety of arguments? Help comes a completely new and unique means of contraception as the female condom.

What is the female condom?

The female condom, or Themis (from the English word and female condom) - a tube made of polyurethane, which is inserted into the vagina. The female condom diameter is 8 cm, and its length is 18 cm. Both ends of the tube are two rigid rings, that help secure the condom into the vagina. The inner ring is in the closed part of the polyurethane tubing, it covers the cervix, like the cervical diaphragm. The open end of the condom ends outer ring, which is located outside the vagina and covers the labia. It is in this ring man enters the penis. Making the female condom refers to 1990, that is, quite recently, so they do not enjoy widespread popularity.

How to use a female condom

Introducing the female condom into the vagina can be several (up to 8 hours) before intercourse .  The introduction of a condom requires a certain dexterity .  The inner rim of the condom to be compressed and then inserted into the vagina, placing it in front of the cervix .  Thus, the inner ring taking the initial shape tightly covers the cervix, and further fixed pelvic bone .  The outer rim cracked down on the genitals .  In no case can not use both male and female condoms .  Firstly, it makes no sense, and only delivers extra inconvenience .  And secondly, sharing the male and female condom causes them to stick together, which is fraught with condoms sliding off, and / or injury .  How to use the female condom are the same as men .  Before the introduction of the condom should verify its integrity and shelf life .  Remove the condom immediately after intercourse is not necessary .  You can leave in the vagina for up to ten hours, which is very nice partners .  The female condom is a single tool, but some authors argue that a condom can be cleaned and used up to five times .

Advantages of the female condom

The female condom has a lot of advantages .  It should first be noted that it is practically invisible in the vagina, as it is made from superfine mother that absolutely does not lower sensitivity during coitus .  Male condoms can not boast of this circumstance .  Another advantage of the female condom is that it extended wear .  Firstly, it should not be in a hurry to enter before sexual intercourse, which is also an advantage to the male condom .  And secondly, the female condom does not require immediate extraction after coitus .  Another advantage of the female condom is its reliability against infections, sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy .  Furthermore, the outer end of the condom covers the portion of the vulva, which provides additional protection against infections .  Also, the female condom can be used for women who are allergic to latex Latex allergy: a reason to throw condoms   or sperm.

Disadvantages of the female condom

Like all means of contraception, the female condom has disadvantages, but they are few. The main disadvantage is its high price (about 6 euros). Also, some women do not like to play the outer ring (aesthetically). Not excluded and allergy to the material from which the condom is made.

Anna Sozinova

Janine - a low-dose combined oral contraceptive, which includes estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health   and progestin.

Pharmacokinetics

• Dienogest

Absorption. After oral dienogest, one of the active substances in Janine is absorbed rapidly and completely. Its maximum concentration in serum is reached after about 2.5 hours, and is 52 ng / ml. Bioavailability ranges from 91% to 96%.

Distribution. Dienogest binds to the albumin contained in the blood. Approximately 90% of the molecules of the substance bound to albumin, and 10% of dienogest is in the blood in a free state.

Metabolism. Dienogest almost completely processed in the body; its clearance ranges from 3.4 to 3.7 l / h.

The half-life of dienogest - from 8.5 to 10.8 hours. A small amount of the substance in the unaltered state is excreted in urine and bile with a ratio of about 3 to 1.

• Ethinylestradiol

Absorption. Ethinyl estradiol is absorbed completely and quickly. Its maximum concentration in the blood occurs within 1.5 - 4 hours after ingestion, and is about 67 ng / ml. Bioavailability ethinylestradiol is, on average, about 44%.

Distribution. Approximately 98% of ethinyl estradiol is bound to albumin. Ethinyl estradiol induces the synthesis of binding globulin sex hormone (SHBG).

Metabolism. Ethinylestradiol processed predominantly in the intestine and liver. His clearance is 2.3-7 ml / kg. It is excreted in the urine and bile in the ratio of approximately 4 to 6.

Jeanine contraceptive effect is provided by three complementary mechanisms:

• Suppression of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary regulation
• Change of properties of cervical secretions, resulting in disturbed sperm Activity
• Endometrial changes, which lead to the impossibility of implanting the fertilized egg

In women taking oral contraceptives, menstrual cycle becomes more regular, less often observed the pain during menstruation, bleeding profusely less, thereby reducing the risk of anemia Anemia - when you do not have enough blood   - Iron deficiency.

The tablets should be taken orally, every day at the same time with a little water. When one package, which contains 21 tablets, is over, you need to do a seven-day break, during which menstrual bleeding usually begins. In most cases it takes 2-3 days after the last tablet. Start taking pills from a new package is necessary regardless of whether the bleeding is over or not.

How to start taking Jeanine

If in the previous month, you do not take any hormonal contraceptives, should start taking these pills on the first day of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases   (ie the day when the starting monthly). This can be done within 2-5 days of the first cycle, but in this case another 7 days you will need to use a barrier method of protection against pregnancy (eg, condoms).

If you've used other hormonal contraceptives, it is recommended to start taking Jeanine on the next day after taking the last active tablet of your previous contraceptives, but in any case no later than after the usual seven-day break (if the package 21 tablets) or one day after the last inactive tablets (if multiples of 28 tablets).

Those who had previously taken the contraceptive progestin may begin to note Jeanine without interruption or within seven days after the receipt of other contraceptives. The sooner a woman starts receiving new contraceptives, the sooner it will be protected from unwanted pregnancy.

After the abortion done in the first trimester of pregnancy, you can begin to take Janine immediately on the day of the abortion. This will provide instant protection from pregnancy. Since, in practice women resume sexual activity until several weeks or even months after a miscarriage, you may want to start taking Jeanine, when to begin the first normal period after an abortion.

After delivery or abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy is recommended to wait 21-28 days before you start taking Jeanine. Again, in practice, women after the pods or late-term abortions rarely begin having sex too early. As a rule, the minimum recovery, both physical and psychological, must be not less than six weeks. Therefore, it is best to start taking Jeanine after the doctor will tell you that your body is sufficiently recovered and seven days before the actual resumption of sexual activity.

If you forget to take the pill

Protection against pregnancy is not reduced within thirty six hours after ingestion of the tablet. If you forget to take one of the pills and remembered it for twelve hours, take it as soon as possible and take the next, as usual. If it has been more than twelve hours, take the tablet (even if you have to take two tablets at the same time), and continue to take, but for seven days, use additional means of contraception.