Hormones - substances that produced a lot of iron in the body; they stimulate and regulate body functions. Hormonal drugs mimic the effect of a hormone produced naturally. They are frequently administered to people who have no hormones are produced in amounts sufficient to control certain functions of the organism. For drugs in this category include, and oral contraceptive pills, and certain medicines used for inflammatory conditions.

Antidiabetic drugs

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, regulates the level of blood sugar Blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator   - One of the main indicators of human health And processing of carbohydrates and fats. Another important hormone, glucagon, stimulates the liver so that it releases glucose, which is stored therein. In order to maintain normal blood sugar levels and body requires insulin, glucagon, and in sufficient amounts.

For the treatment of diabetes, which is characterized by the inability to produce and / or disposed of insulin, recommended changes in the diet of the patient and / or receiving insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs .  Glucagon the patient is given only in emergencies, such as insulin shock, when blood sugar rises rapidly .  Patients with diabetes first type, or insulin-dependent, it is necessary to take insulin to control blood sugar level .  In diabetes the second type of patient may only regulate blood sugar through diet .  If this is for some reason not possible, are written, oral antidiabetic drugs, such as glimepiride, metformin, acarbose, or rosiglitazone .  Working on small groups of cells in the pancreas, where insulin is produced and stored, they cause the pancreas to produce more insulin .  Some patients with Type II diabetes need to take insulin and antidiabetic drugs .

Sex hormones

Small amounts of sex hormones in both men and women, produced by the adrenal glands, but most of them produced by the sex glands or gonads. Estrogen and progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   - A female sex hormones that, among other things, responsible for secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and maintenance operation of the inner shell wall of the uterus. Testosterone (androgen) - the male sex hormone. It ensures the availability of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, development of external genitalia.

Testosterone reduces output excreted proteins, thus contributing to an increase in muscle mass. Some athletes take anabolic steroids (substance similar to testosterone) to achieve this effect. However, their use for this purpose is dangerous, since anabolic steroids have a negative impact on the heart, nervous system and kidneys.

The composition of the majority of oral contraceptives include estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health   and progestin (progesterone natural or synthetic), but some contain only progestin. Estrogen in the composition of contraceptives prevents the maturation of the egg. Progestin prevents ovulation, changes the uterine lining and makes cervical mucus thicker, to make insemination and embryo implantation is practically impossible.

Conjugated estrogens are sometimes used in hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of severe menopausal symptoms when a woman's body is no longer able to produce estrogen in sufficient amounts. However, prolonged treatment with this method is not recommended.

Steroids

The pituitary gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which gives the adrenal glands to produce adrenocorticosteroids command, such as cortisone. Their counterparts are part of the steroid drug used to treat many disorders, such as hay fever, allergic reactions to poison ivy or insect tastes, as well as arthritis and asthma. Currently, it is unknown exactly how these drugs reduce inflammation.

  Scraping - this is not a harmless operation, which can give a variety of complications from bleeding before joining infection. However, many women are repeatedly carried out the operation to terminate the pregnancy. This is despite the fact that there are currently enough funds for contraception and proper planning pregnancy. Scraping the lining of the uterus - is an operation that is used in obstetrics (pregnancy) and Gynaecology (diseases of female genitalia). In obstetrics scraping is used to remove the uterus (such as the ovum) and decidua of the uterus.

Carry out this operation with a view to termination of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), incomplete miscarriage Miscarriage - can you protect yourself from it? After abortion in the later stages and in the postpartum period in the delay of the placenta in the uterus, which caused uterine bleeding.

In gynecology scraping - a delete operation mucosa cervical canal and uterus. In this case, the scraping may be used for diagnostic and therapeutic (e.g., in polyps and uterine cervix, uterine bleeding, etc.) purposes.

This is counter-scraping

• acute infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases of internal organs;
• acute and subacute pelvic inflammatory disease;
• suspected perforation (a violation of the integrity of the wall) of the uterus.

But in an emergency (for example, with strong bleeding in the postpartum period), all of these contraindications can be ignored.

Preparation

On the eve of a planned scraping woman should take a shower, she put a cleansing enema, shave hair from the external genitalia. On the day of surgery and the night before is not allowed to eat. On the eve of a woman examining an anesthesiologist, to-day operations - operating obstetrician. Conduct a general inspection, investigation vagina and cervix using mirrors and manual research to clarify the pregnancy (if the operation is carried out with the purpose of abortion), the shape and position of the uterus, to the exclusion of contra operation.

How is the operation

Scraping is usually performed under general anesthesia (but sometimes under local) in the gynecological chair Gynaecological chair: Take a closer look . Vulva treated with 5% alcohol solution of iodine, the vaginal mucosa and cervical - 50% ethanol solution. The cervix is ​​exposed with the help of vaginal mirrors and expand its channel by sequentially adding extenders of different diameters. Then, when curettage for abortion fertilized egg is removed special blunt spoon (curette) and scrape the uterine lining acute stomach.

If the operation is performed on the uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding outside of menstruation - a sign of a serious breach Not related to pregnancy and childbirth, the uterine lining scrape sharp curette. Scraping of incomplete miscarriage is usually carried out without cervical dilation.

Diagnostic curettage

Dilatation and curettage with subsequent diagnostic research material held for suspected uterine cancer, tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed , Uterine bleeding, without any signs of pregnancy, infertility and in some other cases.

When diagnostic curettage first scrape the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, and then expand the channel and spend scraping the mucous membrane of the uterus (separate diagnostic curettage).

Obtained by scraping biological material regardless of the purpose curettage (abortion, diagnostic tests, etc.) is collected in a sterile container and immediately sent to a lab for testing. When diagnostic curettage scrapings from the cervical canal and the uterine cavity is collected in a separate bowl.

The postoperative period

In the postoperative period is necessary to monitor the temperature of the body and genital discharge, time to notice signs of infection or bleeding. External genitals twice a day, wash with antiseptic solutions. After discharge from the hospital recommended prenatal surveillance.

Complications that can occur when curettage

Scraping may be complicated by perforation (a violation of the integrity of the wall) of the uterus, joining the infection and the development of pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual irregularities, infertility.

Excessive scraping the uterine mucosa may develop Asherman's syndrome - menstrual and fertility caused by intrauterine adhesions (sinehiyaim).

Scraping the lining of the uterus is always fraught with danger of complications, however well it may be held.

  Galina Romanenko