Viktoza (Victoza) - a drug that recently appeared in the Russian market, but, as in other countries soon became widely known. It is designed for use by patients with diabetes of the second type, as well as, according to manufacturers, is effective against obesity. Viktoza - the brainchild of the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, which has earned the title of world leader in the production of medicines for diabetics.

Viktoza - a drug against diabetes, which today has no analogues in the world. The drug works by liraglyutida, and it is the first analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is produced in the human body. However, studies have shown people with diabetes, their body requires an extra dose of the substance which provides Viktoza.

Successful imitation

Glucagon-like peptide-1 in its natural form is released in the intestine, and its secretion is the response to a meal. A GLP-1 affects many organs and body systems, but most of all it affects the pancreas. Exerting a positive effect on it, it allows to regulate metabolism, controlling blood sugar level Blood sugar - one of the main indicators of human health   and helping people with diabetes. But this peptide rather quickly deactivated DPP and its short duration of action does not allow to maintain the saturation level and the normal level of glucose in the body for a long time. If a person has Type II diabetes, the secretion of GLP-1 reduced, exacerbating the situation. In this connection, for this type of diabetes requires drug that would be maintained stable blood glucose level, however, controlling the strong feeling of thirst and hunger. These drugs became Viktoza.

Glucagon-like peptide-1, which, as it turns out, has a short half-life, especially actively studied in the eighties of the last century. At the beginning of the new millennium was able to synthesize the peptide, which gives hope for recovery diabetes.

The Danish company Novo Nordisk has existed since the beginning of the twenties of the last century. Over the past decade, individual approach and attention to patients who have made it a world leader in diabetes treatment. In 2006, we began developing a revolutionary drug that could replace the GLP-1 and bring relief to patients with diabetes of the second type, suffering from its scarcity. GLP-1 analogue, derived experts Novo Nordisk was named liraglyutid, and differed from the natural hormone that give long-term effect after the introduction, which lasts the whole day, as he absorbed approximately twelve hours. In December 2007, the company successfully presented the results of clinical trials of the drug liraglyutid that has proven effective. He went to the market under the brand name Viktoza (Victoza), and its use in 2009 was approved by the European Commission in the twenty-seven EU countries.

How does Viktoza

Viktoza - a drug that is available in a pen-syringe, through which the patient can easily do yourself an injection of the active ingredient - liraglyutida. In the handle 3 ml of the drug to be administered in small doses, on increasing. You should begin with 0.6 mg per day and for two weeks the amount should be increased to 1.8 mg. Prick made in the abdomen or shoulder subcutaneously (but not in the muscles). Injections needed every day and very preferably - at the same time. Viktozy unquestionable positive feature is that the maintenance of metabolic control of blood glucose occurs without insulin. Treatment liraglyutidom possible both at the beginning of diabetes and prolonged course of the disease.

Introduction liraglyutida possible as monotherapy in addition to diet and exercise Myths about exercise: do not believe In combination with other agents for glycemic control. By imitating the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 liraglyutid has a positive impact on the work of the beta cells of the pancreas, which is the second type of diabetes is broken, lowers blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator It slows down the process of digestion and keeps you feeling full for a long time.

In Viktozy have side effects and contraindications. Due to the fact that liraglyutid affects the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting , The following disorders: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, hypoglycemia.

When treatment is necessary to remember that Viktoza - a drug that focuses exclusively on the second type of diabetes, and the presence of the first type liraglyutid prohibited. Do not use it during pregnancy and lactation, liver and kidneys. For the reason that Viktoza - a new drug on the global market, some form of interaction with other drugs or cases of contraindications have not been identified.

In our body, everything is interconnected. "Commander in Chief" is the brain, which "gives his orders," the various organs and systems by controlling their activities. Equally important is the endocrine system - with the help of hormones regulate many processes. In particular, using Gomonov thyroid metabolism regulated Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting . In turn, the thyroid is also under the control of the cerebral cortex.

How is the regulation of the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland secretes hormones into the blood three: triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone   (T4) and calcitonin. T3 and T4 are produced in the glandular cells (follicles) of the thyroid gland, enter the bloodstream, there are partially connected with transport proteins and delivered to cells of tissues in which stimulates all kinds of metabolic processes. Calcitonin is produced in the cells disposed between the follicles and regulates the calcium metabolism.

The number of blood thyroid hormone T3 and T4 regulated neuroendocrine system. The main regulator is the hypothalamus - a brain region responsible for the operation of the entire endocrine system. When the content of the blood decreases T4 and T3 tireoliberin hypothalamus secretes the hormone that stimulates the formation and secretion into the bloodstream pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH). The main objective of this hormone is the regulation of thyroid function, so if reducing the content of T4 and T3 in the blood TSH content increases. An increase in blood levels of T4 and T3, the hypothalamus releases another hormone - tireostatin that inhibits the formation and secretion of pituitary TSH in the blood.

Thus there is a regulation of thyroid activity.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary gland - TTG

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is synthesized by the cells of the anterior pituitary. The chemical structure of thyrotropin is a glycoprotein. TSH receptor located on the surface of cells of the thyroid gland. Enters the blood TSH acts on the thyroid gland regulating its function as well as on the anterior pituitary, which suppresses its formation.

TSH, acting on the receptors located in the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones. It also activates the action of enzymes, increases the absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland cells, the synthesis of T4 and T3. Moreover, TTG contributes to formation of proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, stimulates the growth and enlargement of thyroid cells, and also increases the sensitivity of receptors of peripheral tissues to the effects of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects .

The amount of TSH in the blood during pregnancy reduced. Also, blood levels of TSH depends on the age (in the elderly it more as a function of the thyroid gland is gradually decreasing) and time of day (at night and rises by day reduced, which is also associated with a reduction or activation of the thyroid gland).

TSH secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic releasing hormones (tireoliberinom and tireostatinom). In turn, TSH regulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. If the thyroid hormone, despite the stimulation produced little TSH stimulates proliferation - the proliferation of thyroid tissue. So, too, can increase the secretion of thyroid hormones. As a result, the thyroid gland increases in size and appears goiter.

The content of TSH in normal and various pathologies

Determination of TSH screening is (tapping test) in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. This is a very sensitive indicator of even minor changes that may indicate early stages of thyroid disease Thyroid disease - women at risk , Pituitary or hypothalamus.

Determination of TSH in the blood can not only identify any disease, but also to control its treatment. For example, with a decrease in thyroid function (hypothyroidism), and the appointment of HRT normal TSH levels in the blood speaks of properly selected dose of hormones.

Normally, the blood levels of TSH should be between 0.4 - 4 mkIE / ml (for each laboratory, these figures usually differ from the standard, so the analysis result is put next to the norm).

If the amount of TSH is reduced (0, 4 - 0.01 mkIE / ml), it speaks of increased thyroid function. Increased TSH (7, 1 - 75 mkIE / ml and above), it is said to reduce thyroid function.

Changes in the content of TSH may be due not only to diseases of the thyroid gland, but also with diseases of other organs, to clarify the pathology conducted additional research.

Galina Romanenko