A huge number of thyroid abnormalities is some difficulty in correct diagnosis. The most "harmless" disease is usually a benign cyst of the thyroid gland. Thyroid cyst can occur both in the left and in the right lobe, and it happens that determined multiple cysts in both lobes. Thyroid hormone by virtue of their activity plays an important role in the body. Therefore, proper diagnosis is so important thyroid tumor and treatment. Cyst of the left lobe of the thyroid gland must be differentiated from a number of other diseases (diffuse toxic goiter, thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer: it is curable   And so on).

The disease of the left lobe of the thyroid gland

Most thyroid cysts are benign. The size of the thyroid gland cysts are usually small and do not exceed three centimeters. That means small sized cyst formation thyroid are generally nothing more than not manifest itself. A cyst is a cavity which contains a liquid - colloid secreted follicle lining psevdodolki thyroid. In the case of increasing the diameter of the cyst patients experience anxiety and a number of characteristic features. All the symptoms of thyroid cysts The thyroid gland cyst: symptoms may be overlooked   associated with compression of adjacent organs. Due to pressure from the cyst on your vocal cords appears hoarseness, under the influence of a cyst in the trachea arises sore throat, and the urge to cough. Furthermore, there was visible change in shape of the neck. The patient determines the left side of the front surface of the neck and deformation of the rounded formation cervical region. Possible respiratory disorders, headaches and neck pain.

At palpation the doctor in the left lobe probes tugoelastichnoe, painless education, which moves during swallowing along with the skin. For diagnostic purposes is performed puncture the cyst. If the contents of the cyst bloody or dark brown color, it is a testament to its long-standing existence. In the case of a clear punctate talk about congenital cyst of the thyroid gland. As a result, festering cysts its contents will be purulent. Also, for the differential diagnosis with other diseases cysts determine the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) and scintigraphy (radioisotope scanning of the thyroid gland). Small thyroid cysts do not require treatment, but only observed. Large cysts removed or dotted line.

Toxic goiter

Although the thyroid gland cyst The thyroid gland cyst: presentation and survey   has a number of characteristic features, it must be differentiated from other diseases, such as diffuse toxic goiter. The cause of diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease) is the formation of antibodies that stimulate the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The disease can provoke hormonal imbalances (pregnancy, diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , Menopause, chronic neurosis, etc.).

All the symptoms of Graves' disease caused hyperthyroidism arisen. The main manifestation of Graves' disease is a significant increase in the thyroid gland, which leads to neck strain. In contrast to the cyst of the left lobe of thyroid gland increase symmetrical, palpation no individual nodes. Also, a characteristic sign of Graves' disease is the exophthalmos (exophthalmia). Proptosis developing periocular edema due to fiber. Also disrupted the eye muscles, which manifests itself in difficult eye movements and a split view.

Against the backdrop of increased secretion of the thyroid hormones is disrupted, and the work of other organs and systems. With the defeat of the cardiovascular system appears palpitations, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and develop chronic heart failure.

The defeat of the nervous system is manifested in tremors (shaking) extremities, headache, irritability, anxiety and insomnia. There myxedema, which is manifested edema drumsticks, skin redness and itching.
  By the manifestations of the nervous system include: tremor, headache, irritability, fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, increased tendon reflexes. Many patients complain of weight loss, diarrhea and nausea.

Anna Sozinova

A condition in which there are changes in the thyroid gland in the form of increased size, was called hyperplasia. This pathological condition may occur as an independent disease or in combination with other disorders of the internal organs. Thyroid hyperplasia can be detected even in healthy people. Typically there are several clinical variants that determine the treatment policy in this pathology.

Reasons resizing cancer

It is necessary to identify those conditions that are predisposing factors of prostate hyperplasia. These can be not only different variations in activity of the cancer, but also from the pathological conditions of the functional activity of other body systems:

• thyroid pathology (diffuse goiter, or Graves' disease, thyroiditis, endemic goiter)
• tumors that developed on the background of the altered hormonal profile

Patients with these diseases is detected even resizing body toward their enlargement. Hormonal function of the gland undergoes changes, which can be characterized the development of the state of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism.

In the case of primary hyperthyroidism, when there is increased production of thyroid hormones, there is an increase in the size of the gland secondary to hormonal imbalance. In some cases, this situation can lead to delayed diagnosis, when the symptoms of increased production of hormones at the beginning of the disease mistaken for neurologic symptoms, eg, neurosis Neurosis - reaction to the nervous shock . This should be considered in the primary treatment of the patient and due diligence. In the course of the disease of the thyroid gland size change gradually, while achieving a certain size, which is maintained throughout the period of illness. It was found that the increased size of the prostate does not determine the severity of hyperthyroidism, that is, the degree of hyperplasia Hyperplasia - do not be afraid   It can not be regarded as the main manifestations of the disease. It should also take into account the state of reactivity of the organism, that is his reaction to the increased production of thyroid hormones. The development of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism is a diagnostic criterion for the development of diffuse goiter, or Graves' disease.

Status gland hyperplasia is diagnosed in patients with endemic goiter. The leading causative factor of the disease is a deficiency of iodine, which is found in certain geographical regions. In an environment marked deficiency of this trace element, which naturally leads to a change in the size of the gland and its hyperplasia. Due to lack of iodine cell cancer (or thyrocytes) begin to rapidly share, is their diffuse proliferation, which leads to changes in the size of the prostate gland.

The negative effects of iodine deficiency

In some countries there are geographical regions, which are characterized by the lack of content in the environment of iodine. The reduced supply of this important trace element in the body naturally leads to an increase in diffuse cancer. This pathological condition was called endemic goitre. With prolonged deficiency of iodine include special adaptation mechanisms, one of which is a thyroid hyperplasia. At the earliest possible stages of the disease early to maintain the euthyroid state, which is characterized by a relative hormonal balance in the body. This ensures that the gland follicular cells begin with enhanced speed of thyroxine to synthesize and secrete Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone . But in the future there is inhibition of the pituitary gland, which explains the development of the condition of hypothyroidism. The most typical clinical manifestations of the disease in endemic goiter region are the symptoms of the disease (severe pallor, dry skin, brittle and hair loss), as well as lethargy, weakness, slowing of speech, violation of the cycle in women, changes in heart rate, the trend towards low numbers of pressure . All these signs show a decrease in the functional activity of the gland.

When identifying cases of thyroid enlargement Increase in thyroid - that underlies the disease   for persons who reside outside the endemic goitre areas, this pathology should be attributed to sporadic goiter. So far, no clear evidence about the mechanisms of in this case hyperplasia. A distinctive feature of the transformation in sporadic goiter goiter considered the possibility of formation of different forms of hyperplasia. There are the following forms:

• diffuse
• nodal
• mixed or diffuse nodular

The incidence of these forms is similar. Both options goiter (endemic and sporadic) were combined into one group, so you can often find the name of a simple unspecified goiter.

Status gland hyperplasia includes several options for increasing the cancer, but which can not be combined under a single concept of "diffuse goiter." In practice, distinguish two separate options. It is non-toxic diffuse goiter and euthyroid diffuse goiter with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. In a separate group can be identified variant of the crop, which is diagnosed in women during pregnancy, so it is called a "goiter pregnant." Hormonal changes taking place in the female body, including the endocrine system, promote the development of pathological changes in the prostate. In postpartum women should be encouraged to complete a survey in order to conduct a timely correction of thyroid disorders. Selecting different options hyperplasia in certain groups of diseases is justified in terms of choice of medical tactics.

Marina Solovyov