Thyroid cyst is a benign tumor, which is surrounded by a shell and filled with fluid. Thyroid cyst may be formed from its components, the presence of other thyroid pathologies or concomitant diseases of the body. The symptoms of thyroid cysts varied and largely depend on its size (ie, as a rule, appear with increasing education). In addition, every endocrinologist should be able to differentiate a cyst from other thyroid pathologies. The most common thyroid cysts are asymptomatic, observed over the years and eventually resolves itself.

The symptoms of thyroid cysts

As noted above, cyst thyroid The thyroid gland cyst: presentation and survey   often asymptomatic. The characteristic clinical picture appears with an increase in the size of the cyst. The main features of the thyroid gland cyst include:

• Palpation of the thyroid gland

When palpation study of the thyroid gland are found dense consistency tugoelastichnoy education, usually small in size. They painless to the touch and easily shifted under the skin. Normal thyroid tissue is easily determined because of the lobed structure.

• The deformation of the neck

For large brush size or increase it (up to three centimeters or more) patient notes deformation of the neck and thyroid enlargement Increase in thyroid - that underlies the disease   visually. This feature is most often the reason for seeking medical attention.

• Compartment syndrome of adjacent organs

With the proliferation of thyroid cysts appear characteristic signs of compression are anatomically similar structures. There is a feeling of a lump in the throat and scratchy (compression of the trachea), swallowing disorder (compression of the esophagus), respiratory failure and shortness of breath. In addition, at a pressure of thyroid cysts patient complains of hoarseness or loss of voice. Often with large brush size, patients reported pain in the neck.

• Compression of the blood vessels of the neck

When compression of the blood vessels of a headache and dizziness, weakness and malaise.

• Hyperadenosis

The increase in cervical lymph nodes indicative of malignancy of thyroid cysts.

• The development of hyperthyroidism

Large cysts, which were formed from the toxic thyroid nodules may lead to the development of such diseases as hyperthyroidism. Its main symptoms are: tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit? , Palpitations, hot flushes, agitation, unstable emotional state, exophthalmos.

• Suppuration of the thyroid gland cyst

When suppuration (abscess) cyst thyroid patients complained of severe pain in the neck, fever, intoxication (weakness, malaise, nausea and vomiting), increased cervical lymph nodes (they are dense and rezkoboleznennye to the touch).

• Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland

Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland are determined by its size and the size of the cyst or cysts, their localization and structure. A differential diagnosis with other diseases of the thyroid gland (adenoma, nodes).

• Puncture of thyroid cysts

When the thyroid gland cyst puncture needle get a ton of its contents. Content can be hemorrhagic cysts (trauma thyroid), dark brown or purulent (with festering cysts of the thyroid gland). In addition, the contents of the cyst is sent to the cyto-histological diagnosis for the detection of malignancy education.

Blood chemistry

In identifying the thyroid gland cyst carried out biochemical blood tests (liver enzymes, bilirubin, blood protein, urea, creatinine Creatinine - will talk about the work of the kidneys   And so on). It is necessary to identify the cause of the cyst and associated diseases.

Determining the level of thyroid hormones

In the case of the influence of cysts on hormonopoietic thyroid function, altered levels of its hormones (TSH, T3, T4).

Laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy

These laryngoscopy may indicate damage or compression of the vocal cords, and the performance of bronchoscopy often reveal damage to the trachea.

Anna Sozinova

With thyroid hormones in the human body is regulated by the metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting Growth and development of all organs and tissues, maturation of bone and brain tissue, as well as the growth of the organism as a whole. In connection with this violation of the structure or function of the thyroid gland is required to cause a variety of disturbances in the whole organism.

As there is hypoplasia of the thyroid gland

Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland - a congenital hypoplasia of its tissue, which manifests itself in the form of cretinism. Full congenital absence of the thyroid gland is rare and is called aplasia. If such changes in the thyroid gland are acquired (secondary) character, hypoplasia Hypoplasia - a congenital malformation of the fetus   They can not be called: in accordance with the existing installations reducing the volume of all secondary thyroid gland called atrophy.

Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland may occur with insufficient iodine in food and water in areas, where a pregnant woman (epidemic cretinism) or hereditary defects of enzyme systems involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects   (sporadic cretinism).

Changes in humans with hypoplastic thyroid

When cretinism is detected as a decrease in the amount of thyroid and diffuse or nodular goiter. In the region of goiter found single cells of the thyroid gland in the background proliferation of connective tissue (sclerosis), cysts and calcification (deposition of calcium salts). Increases in size and anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroid hormone).

Almost all organs are reduced in size and underdeveloped, especially the genitals. Characterized as bone changes: the skull bones are deformed, its base is underdeveloped compared to the vault, frontal and parietal bones, thickened. If childhood not timely treatment was conducted, further changes in the organism would not succumb correction.

Symptoms of thyroid hypoplasia

The main symptoms of cretinism is a dramatic delay in physical and psychological development, as well as neurological disorders. Cretinism is divided into two types - nerve (dominated by disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems with reduced intelligence and movement disorders, disorders of hearing and speech) and myxedema (with a predominance of symptoms of hypothyroidism - thyroid function decline).

Outwardly, patients are characterized by very small stature, short legs and arms, a round face with a broad nose, short neck and an enlarged abdomen. Roth they often slightly opened due to increased language.

Skeletal muscle have poorly developed, resulting in gait disturbance, and slow motion. And genitals are underdeveloped, and therefore, even in adulthood, they look like children.

The bones of the skeleton ripen slowly and incompletely, ossification of time does not occur often, even in adults remains open areas of growth in the long bones. Long bones (humerus, femur, etc.) are shortened and thickened, lumen inside them, where the bone marrow is narrowed.

Always there are neuro-psychiatric disorders, expressed in varying degrees, from mild impairment to full disorder of intelligence and inability to self-service. In some cases, patients suffering from cretinism, still manages to absorb some knowledge about the world, but to carry out a permanent job, they can not, because it is very slow and constantly interrupt their activities.

The emotional life of these patients also depleted they are closed, sluggish, indifferent, drowsiness, constantly seeking privacy and sleep in the warmth. By friendships (including a close relationship with members of the family), they are usually not arranged. Some are prone to depression, outbursts of ill will and even aggression, but quickly calm down, if they are well treated.

What is revealed by examination of the thyroid gland

The blood of these patients revealed a decrease thyroid hormone levels and increase the level of thyroid stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland. Diagnosis is based on the major symptoms of the disease, laboratory data and radiographic bone.

Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland in adults today is very rare, because of the prenatal development of the child Prenatal development of the child: Week by Week   constantly observed in the women's consultations, including with the help of ultrasound and after childbirth immediately carried out substitution therapy with thyroid hormones.

Galina Romanenko