What is the corpus luteum

Yellow body - this is a temporary endocrine gland that develops in the ovary to the ground breaking of the follicle after the release of his egg. There are two kinds of yellow bodies - a menstrual and pregnancy. In its structure and stage of development they are the same, the main differences are only in the amount of functional activity and timing of existence.

In the development of the corpus luteum, there are 4 stages:

• the first stage - the bursting of follicle cell proliferation (follikulotsitov) - start immediately after ovulation;
• the second stage - the sprouting of blood vessels in the tissue (stage 1 and 2 continues 3-4 days);
• third stage - flowering or hormonal activity, with yellow body increases in size up to 1, 2 - 2 cm, gets purple color and a few sticks out above the surface of the ovary; 7-8 days after ovulation, the corpus luteum shows maximum hormonal activity, producing female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
• fourth step - reverse development, it is characterized in that the cells decrease in size, the corpus luteum shrinks, starting with 12-14 days after ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? , There is a complete substitution of the cells of the corpus luteum cells and connective tissue to about 45 days post ovulation in its place are formed whitish body.

Menstrual functioning corpus luteum 12-14 days. The corpus luteum of pregnancy regulates the rhythm of contractile activity of uterine tubes and inhibits uterine activity. Stage heyday of the corpus luteum continues until the 6th month of pregnancy, after which it begins to reverse development, and its endocrine function is transferred to the placenta.

Corpus luteum cyst

Corpus luteum cyst occurs, usually in women of childbearing age and may occur in the menstrual corpus luteum and pregnancy in a female body. It is believed that the formation of the corpus luteum cyst is associated with defects in the lymphatic and circulatory systems of the corpus luteum, resulting in a liquid may accumulate in the central portion thereof. Cyst formation contributes to the reception of various drugs, including hormonal, bad working conditions, constant stress, diet, sexual infections Genital infections - which are the most dangerous? Often affecting the uterine appendages - all contribute to the hormonal changes a woman and the formation of cysts.

Luteum cyst is a tumor (one side) with thick walls of 2 to 7 cm in diameter. The inner surface of the cyst is often yellow contents - bright and with hemorrhages - spotting. Can such a cyst because after ovulation occurs filling the follicle cells of the corpus luteum, follicle instead increases and fills with fluid. Cysts less than 3 cm in diameter, sometimes referred to as cystic corpus luteum. Cysts of the corpus luteum large hormonally inactive. Under the reverse of the cyst contents of her resolve, cavity walls fallen down and in its place formed a white body. In rare cases, the cyst persists.

Signs of the corpus luteum cyst

Corpus luteum cyst is often asymptomatic, but sometimes it can cause pain in the abdomen pulling character and in the back, connected with the fact that the cyst capsule stretches the ovary, irritating the sensitive nerve endings in the peritoneal membrane pelvis. Sometimes the cyst appears menstrual irregularities, until the lack of menstruation or intermenstrual bleeding.

With long-term existence of cystic corpus luteum observed in a patient bleeding, which is why sometimes there are suspected tubal pregnancy. When you break the cyst may occur breakthrough bleeding with all the signs of acute abdomen (a condition requiring emergency surgery).

Diagnosis of the corpus luteum cyst

The idea of ​​the size, shape and characteristics of the surface of the ovaries can be obtained using X-ray and ultrasound. US carried out in the first phase of the next menstrual period for at least three menstrual cycles Menstrual cycle and its characteristics   in order to prevent its reverse development.

In addition, obligatory in determining the amount of hormones in the blood of women.

Treatment of the corpus luteum cyst

In the absence of complaints, the patient does not need emergency care. If disturbed bleeding and pain, the surgery is performed - resection of the ovary with the cyst. The operation may be carried out using small incisions (laparoscopic). In any case be sure to remove a cyst investigated to exclude malignancy Malignant tumor: cells are mad .

Regular examination by a gynecologist - a guarantee that you will find time and prolechat all diseases of the female genital organs.

Galina Romanenko

Almost all women at one time or another faced with such unpleasant as vaginal dryness. Basically vaginal dryness begins to harass women in premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. There is no doubt that vaginal dryness brings a lot of discomfort from pain occurring during sexual intercourse, and ending with the addition of a secondary infection. But this problem can and must be fought. For vaginal dryness - it is not a sentence, but only a minor inconvenience, which is easy (if you want a woman) to eliminate.

The causes of vaginal dryness

Vaginal dryness can occur for different reasons and at any age. The main causes of this symptom:

• A woman's age (over 40 years)

Before the start, during or after menopause there is a sharp decline in the female sex hormone - estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health Who is responsible for the production of mucus in the vagina, blood flow to the vagina and the creation of an acidic environment conducive to the development of the normal vaginal flora.

• Allergic reactions

Some lotions, perfumes, soaps contribute to the development of allergies and vaginal dryness.

• Medications

Some medicines, such as atropine, desensitizing, cardiovascular, diuretics and stimulants lead to the appearance of dryness in the vagina.

• The use of oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives are often the cause of dryness. Basically vaginal dryness that so-called mini-pills containing only progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology .

• The last days of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases

Before the onset of menses in the body content of reduced estrogen and progesterone, conversely increased, and that contributes to the dryness of the vagina.

• Smoking and alcohol

Everyone knows the harm caused by tobacco and alcohol, these bad habits not only disrupt the internal organs, but also alter the hormonal balance.

• Malignant diseases

Cancer of any localization requires the appointment of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which in turn inhibit the function of internal organs, including reproductive organs.

• Postpartum
• Constant stress, depression
• Frequent douching and unreasonable

Douching disrupt normal vaginal flora and lead to tissue damage vagina, which also contributes to dryness.

The clinical picture of vaginal dryness

Often, vaginal dryness, itching and burning supplemented. Reducing the amount of lactic acid bacteria leads to abnormal vaginal microflora colonization and the emergence of non-specific vaginitis. Also, vaginal dryness puts its mark on the sex life that manifests painful sexual acts until the complete lack of desire to have sex.

Moreover, urethral tissue and thinner, and a woman experiencing pain and irritation of the urethra (by lowering of estrogen) that leads to infection of urogenital organs.

Measures to combat vaginal dryness

In the case of allergic reactions should abandon everything that causes allergies. Soap is better to choose a neutral, fragrance free and dye. It is not necessary to apply the perfume and lotions. Synthetic underwear that does not allow "breathing" skin, you need to replace cotton. Completely abandon scented toilet paper.

Applying petroleum jelly, coconut and other oils will only aggravate the situation (they contribute to the coarsening of the vaginal mucosa). If vaginal dryness is associated with age-related changes, you must consult your doctor, who will advise hormonal ointments and suppositories. In postmenopausal Postmenopause - is it possible to control it?   should resolve the issue of hormone replacement therapy.

Regular sex contribute to the blood supply of internal genital organs and the allocation of vaginal lubrication. It is also necessary to completely eliminate alcohol and smoking.

Anna Sozinova