Endometriosis is now one of the most common and yet unexplored diseases. And pathologies that can not be considered harmless: in most cases, this disease causes infertility, denying women the joys of motherhood. Treatment of endometriosis is time consuming and not always successful.

Causes

The name "endometriosis" comes from the Latin word «endometrium» - the so-called internal surface of the uterus. The main function of the endometrium - the creation of favorable conditions for the implantation of a fertilized egg and therefore for the development of pregnancy.

Endometrial regulated by hormones and change throughout the menstrual cycle. Before menstruation endometrial layer begins to increase, improving its blood supply. If conception does not occur, the functional part of the endometrium is rejected and removed from the uterus during menstruation. This cycle repeats itself month after month until pregnancy occurs, during which the endometrium is not rejected.

Sometimes this process is disrupted, and the endometrium starts to grow too much (genital endometriosis - internal or external). This endometrial cells can get from the uterus to other organs and settle down there (extragenital endometriosis). Internal endometriosis develops in the uterus and cervix. Localization of external genital endometriosis - is the ovaries, tubes, uterine folds. Extragenital endometriosis is characterized by the appearance of inclusions (heterotopias) that their structure resembles the endometrium, bladder, kidney, lung, intestines and other organs.

Why is this happening so far is unknown. There are many theories of endometriosis, but none of them so far has not been confirmed. Risk factors for the development of the pathological process include medical abortion, inflammation of the pelvic organs, hormonal disorders, obesity, ovarian cysts Ovarian cysts - normal or dangerous? , Stress, lack of iron in the body, use as a contraceptive agent masterbatch helix. A certain importance and heredity.

Symptoms of endometriosis

The main symptoms of endometriosis include:

• Pain in the pelvic region, which may be permanent or appear (amplified) before menstruation;
• Long menstrual period;
• Heavy menstrual bleeding;
• Uterine bleeding, including spotting Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology   Shortly before menstruation;
• Pain during sexual intercourse;
• Bloating;
• Difficulty conceiving, fertility decline;
• Pain during urination or bowel movements.

Sometimes endometriosis is accompanied by inflammation in the genital area, and sometimes occurs virtually asymptomatic and discovered accidentally. In most cases the disease is diagnosed in women aged thirty to fifty years.

The effects and complications

If you have any suspicious symptoms to the doctor to hurry: the effects of endometriosis can be severe:

The most common complication of the disease - infertility. If there are any forms endometriosis adhesions that hinder conception. In addition, endometriosis is a bad influence on hormonal balance, which also prevents the development of pregnancy. Finally, if pregnancy still occurs, it is a risk of spontaneous interruption.

The menstrual cycle is broken, it becomes erratic. There are bleeding from the vagina Vaginal discharge   before or after menses; themselves menstruation becomes protracted, heavy and painful.

Periodic intermenstrual bleeding or heavy menstruation lead to increased blood loss. As a result, it may develop chronic hemorrhagic anemia. There are weakness, dizziness, fatigue. Skin and mucous membranes are pale.

The most dangerous complication - a degeneration of a benign cell proliferation in endometrial cancer.

Prevention

Since the cause of endometriosis is not completely understood, the prevention of disease is reduced to a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet and regular (at least twice a year) visits to the gynecologist. According to one theory, the emergence of the disease contribute to certain types of physical activity, including aerobics, figure skating, gymnastics, acrobatics. Therefore, gynecologists recommend dosing these loads and completely exclude them during menstruation.

Reduce the risk of endometriosis will help competent contraception. Abortion, especially repeated, provoke proliferation of the endometrium. IUD, according to some reports, can also cause the disease. Means of barrier contraception is safe, and hormonal contraceptives appointed gynecologist may even prevent development of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of the disease can be conservative (hormone), and combined operational. No universal recipes: how to choose a method of treatment in a particular case can be solved only by a doctor. After consultation with a gynecologist and may use traditional medicines, which include, for example, the various preparations based on upland uterus Borovoy of the uterus: applied only after a visit to the doctor   or nettle.

Unfortunately, treatment is not always successful: possible relapse even after hormone therapy and surgery. To date, the treatment is considered to be successful if endometriosis is not returned within five years after treatment, and if a woman is unable to become pregnant and have a child during this period.

Maria Bykov

Rupture of ovarian cysts - a condition that is associated with symptoms of acute abdomen and requires emergency surgery. It is possible to bleed heavily, the development of severe inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity and the spread of infection through the bloodstream throughout the body.

Causes of ovarian cyst rupture

Ovarian cysts - a hollow formation, surrounded by a capsule and filled most of the liquid. In most cases, ovarian cysts are functional in nature, related to the characteristics of the menstrual cycle of women. Thus, in the first half of the menstrual cycle until ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? It may be formed follicular cysts developing in the follicle where the egg matures. In the second half of the menstrual cycle can develop functional cysts of the corpus luteum of the ovary Cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary . And those and others are almost always the retention, that is formed when plugging the excretory ducts against various hormonal disorders and inflammatory processes.

Upon detection of functional cysts for a woman just I watch for a few (2-3) menstrual cycles - cysts usually disappear on their own. If the cyst is not like, and even increases in size, it is first treated conservatively, and then quickly. There are also other types of cysts that are not their own, for example, endometrial, and some other types of cysts.

Sometimes the cyst is located on the leg, it is prone to torsion and the associated rupture of the capsule. In other cases, rupture of ovarian cysts can occur on the background of physical exercise (lifting weights, a sharp turn of the trunk, jump, and so on), abdominal trauma, violent sexual intercourse and other things. Torn, usually large cysts, wherein the content of the cysts or falls inside the abdominal cavity (almost always) or (usually partly) derived through the fallopian tube and the uterus into the vagina and poured out.

Symptoms of ovarian cyst rupture

Rupture of ovarian cysts manifested sudden pain in one side of the lower abdomen. The pain may be of very strong, "dagger" in nature. Then the pain begins to give to the perineum, the rectum and inner thighs - it says that in the pelvis between the uterus and the rectum collects some liquid. Usually these contents cysts and blood. With strong internal bleeding associated with the rupture of the cyst capsule and squeezing the blood tissue, abdominal pain may increase, but at the same time acquire a dull oppressive character. If a strong bleeding appear increasing weakness, pallor, dizziness, ringing in the ears, and sometimes loss of consciousness.

Already in the first minutes of symptoms such rupture of an ovarian cyst, vomiting, persistent hiccups, constipation due to intestinal smooth muscle paresis. Status of women, as a rule, moderate or severe. Characteristically restlessness, cold sweat, rapid pulse. The temperature is normal at the beginning, but after a while begins to rise - a sign of the rise of intoxication and joining infection. If such a woman would not be provided in time to surgical care, join peritonitis and sepsis, which can lead to its demise.

Sometimes the symptoms of ovarian cyst rupture is difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of other diseases that also cause the condition, which is called acute abdomen surgery. Especially easy to confuse the right ovary cyst rupture with acute appendicitis.

To help in the diagnosis may be questioning the patient: Symptoms gap functional ovarian cysts are usually associated with the menstrual cycle and if the woman was observed at the gynecologist about ovarian cyst, then the diagnosis is not so difficult. Thus, follicular ovarian cyst Ovarian cysts - normal or dangerous?   has maximal dimensions in the middle of the menstrual cycle and then is torn. A corpus luteum cyst rupture Corpus luteum cyst - when hormonal changes   Ovary often occurs in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

Rupture of ovarian cysts - Treatment

In any case, the symptoms of acute abdomen woman requires urgent surgical care. Therefore, even if the diagnosis is not completely clear, the operation begins, during which the diagnosis be confirmed and carried out the necessary treatment: stop bleeding and removal of the cyst capsule. Sometimes this also removes some of the tissue of the ovary, if it is significantly damaged. In rare cases, larger cysts have to remove the entire ovary.

Consequences of rupture of ovarian cysts

The consequences of rupture of ovarian cysts are a result of acute blood loss anemia, inflammation and adhesions around the ovaries and fallopian tubes. The latter may be the cause of persistent infertility or ectopic pregnancy.

Because ovarian cysts are most often the result of hormonal disorders or inflammatory processes, women need to be examined and, if necessary, be treated. Abortion after the rupture of an ovarian cyst is highly undesirable because it can cause a recurrence of the cyst. Therefore, an important part of the prevention of ovarian cysts is competent contraception is recommended by a gynecologist.

Galina Romanenko