Injections of progesterone administered in the absence of ovulation, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, miscarriage Miscarriage - why you lose the most precious thing? , Fibrocystic breast. In all these cases, the dose and duration of treatment is prescribed individually.

How do progesterone shots

Progesterone ampoules for injection is available in the form of 1 and 2%, 5% solutions of 1 ml (10 mg and 25 mg in 1 ml) in several domestic pharmaceutical companies.

After intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of progesterone it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed into the blood, sufficient concentration occurs within an hour after administration, the maximum - six hours. Decomposed in the liver and excreted in the urine as metabolites.

Progesterone promotes the transformation of the mucous membrane of the uterus from the state of proliferation (increase in volume that is typical for the first phase of the menstrual cycle) in the phase of secretion, ie glands stimulates the launch of the lining of the uterus, secrete substances necessary for the implementation of the embryo in the uterine wall. Timely transfer of state of the mucous membrane of proliferative phase to secretory phase prevents uterine bleeding.

If a pregnancy, progesterone transforms the mucous membrane of the uterus in the condition necessary for the development of the embryo. It also suppresses the reduction of uterine muscles and the immune system, which can cause abortion.

In what diseases and conditions shall be appointed by injections of progesterone

Progesterone intramuscular or subcutaneous injections are prescribed in the menstrual cycle, are not accompanied by ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? That is, the output of mature egg from the ovary. As the egg is not released from the ovary, in its place is not formed a temporary endocrine gland the corpus luteum and the body does not produce its own progesterone in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. Such a violation of the menstrual cycle can lead to an uncontrolled increase in the volume of the mucous membrane of the uterus (the endometrium) and associated with its rejection of dysfunctional bleeding. The use of progesterone allows time to translate the proliferation phase in the phase of secretion that helps to restore menstrual cycles and cessation of dysfunctional bleeding.

Injections of progesterone and infertility associated with the failure of the second phase of the menstrual cycle when the body produces insufficient amount of progesterone, resulting in a relatively high content of estrogen leads to the development of painful irregular menstruation (dysmenorrhea), breach of conception and gestation of pregnancy.

In the complete absence of menstruation and underdeveloped genitals women progesterone is prescribed in combination with estrogens, which are introduced first to create sufficient endometrial proliferation that is characteristic for the first phase of the menstrual cycle.

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications for the use of progesterone in injectable form are: severe liver disease and kidney failure, accompanied by dysfunction of these organs, increased blood clotting and a tendency to form blood clots, uterine bleeding of undetermined origin, malignant tumors of the breast (except when progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   is used in a combination therapy of the disease).

With caution and only in the I trimester of used injections of progesterone during pregnancy, a woman has heart disease, minor liver dysfunction or kidney problems, diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, severe headaches associated with the rapid expansion of cerebral vascular (migraine) depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood .

Parenteral administration of progesterone may produce the following side effects:

• on the part of the circulatory system - high blood pressure, swelling;
• the part of the digestive system - nausea, vomiting, abnormal liver function, jaundice staining of the skin and sclera;
• the central nervous system - headache and mood disorder (depression);
• on the part of the endocrine system side effects usually occur after prolonged use, it decreased libido, weight gain, bloating and breast pain, irregular uterine bleeding;
• in the blood - increased blood clotting, thromboembolism;
• Local reactions - pain at the injection site;
• allergic reactions.

Injections of progesterone today appointed infrequently as effective drugs available for oral progesterone.

Galina Romanenko

Warts - one of the most common infections, sexually transmitted diseases. At least half of all sexually active people infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) - the virus that causes warts, at some period of life. Women are more prone to warts.

Warts affects tissue in the genital area. Warts can appear as small warts are flesh-colored, or resemble a cauliflower. In many cases, the warts are too small and can not see them.

As warts that appear at any region of the body, the warts caused by human papillomavirus. Some varieties of HPV can cause kogdilomatoz, while others can cause cancer. Vaccines can protect against certain types of HPV.

In women, warts occur vulvar or vaginal warts, in which warts grow on the walls of the vagina, the area between the external genitals and the anus, anal canal, and cervix.

Warts in men manifests the appearance of warts on the end of the penis, scrotum and anus. Warts can also appear in the mouth or throat of a person who had oral sexual contact with an infected person.

Warts symptoms may include:

• The small, flesh-colored or gray tumors in the genital area
• Several warts located close to each other that resemble cauliflower
• Itching or discomfort in the genital area
• Discharge of blood during sexual intercourse

Often warts can be so small and flat, they can not be seen with the naked eye. Sometimes, however, they can multiply and unite in large bunches.

Reasons condylomatosis

There are over 100 different types of HPV that cause different kinds of problems. HPV types 6 and 11 - the main cause of genital warts, and types 16 and 18 - the main cause of cervical cancer Cervical cancer: possible cure . Types of HPV that cause genital warts do not usually cause cancer.

HPV is spread through direct physical contact, including sexual intercourse, oral sex, or any other contact that involves the genitals (such as touching genitals with his hands). HPV infected through the toilet seat is not possible. Most people with the virus do not have visible warts, but they can spread the disease. Treatment condylomatosis can not reduce the chance of spreading the virus. Therefore, all people who are sexually active should be considered as a potential source of HPV, and not just those who have visible warts.

Warts can appear within a few weeks, and may in a year or more after the meeting with the virus. Usually, it is impossible to determine when you were infected.

Sami warts - it is just the "tip of the iceberg." This virus lies in the skin cells, which normally appears around the visible warts, and possibly also in other areas the urogenital area.

The viral nature of the disease also has important implications for the spread and treatment. Many people, if not most, being carriers of the virus do not know that. The virus can attack the cells, but do not cause warts for many years, appearing in the form of rash, when the immune system is suppressed.

Due to the location of the warts and sexual spread of the disease, it can cause serious psychological problems, and those who have it, often feel embarrassment, anger and even guilt.

Many rashes occur even without any apparent reason. This can happen because of illness or because of taking certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs Chemotherapy - it always falls the hair? Or drugs that prevent rejection after organ transplantation. Deficiency of folic acid and vitamin A Vitamin A: An important element of the health and beauty   They can also cause warts. Smoking doubles the risk and may cause warts cervical part from the fact that nicotine derivatives attacking the immune system cells in the cervix.

Warts during pregnancy can cause problems. Warts can increase in size, making it difficult to urinate. Warts on the vaginal wall may reduce the ability of vaginal tissues to expand during childbirth. Large warts on the vulva or vagina may bleed during childbirth.

Occasionally a child born to a mother with condylomatosis, warts may appear on the throat. The child may need surgery to his airways are not blocked.

Treatment condylomatosis

There are many ways to treat condylomatosis. Some of them - drugs, others are to perform certain procedures. Even after treatment, there is a risk that the warts will return within a few weeks or months. This is because the treatment of warts Warts - treatment must be expert   not necessarily eliminate the virus that causes them. In aestoyaschee there is no treatment that permanently gets rid of all HPV infected cells, but in most people the immune system rids the body of the virus and the warts within two years.

Treatment condylomatosis divided into three categories: external preparations that destroy tissue warts; surgical techniques that remove tissue warts; and the impact of the virus that causes the disease. Any treatment must be applied to the individual warts and never integrated.

Kondiloks (5% podofilox solution, applied to the affected areas, which can not be washed off) - external preparation for the treatment of condylomatosis. Most of those who use Kondiloksom, burning sensation, pain, inflammation, itching, or erosion of the affected areas. Pregnant women should not use these applications, because they can cause birth defects in the fetus. Also prescribe imiquimod cream, which is applied to the affected areas, or Trihlroatsetilovuyu acid.

Removal of warts CO2-laser and conventional surgical removal is better to apply at large warts, particularly in patients in which no effect other treatments. Cryotherapy is used for less extensive rash. This method does not require anesthesia, and leaves less scarring than a surgeon's scalpel.

The viral nature of condylomatosis suggests that antiviral therapy may be effective. Some doctors inject interferon-alpha directly into the warts, to fight those warts that are returned. Treatment with interferon virus attack, an internal source of warts, but usually this treatment is expensive, and does not reduce the rate of return of warts.