Lymphocytosis - an attack on the immune system - Types

January 18, 2009

  • Lymphocytosis - an attack on immunity
  • Kinds

 lymphocytosis types

What are lymphocytes and what is their job

Lymphocytes - a type of white blood cells, immune system cells that are responsible for acquired immunity. In normal cells constitute from 19% to 37% of total leukocytes. Lymphocytes are classified into B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, K-lymphocytes and NK-cells.

  • B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral (implemented through fluids - blood, lymph, interstitial fluid) immunity, they recognize invading enemies in the body (antigens) and produce a special protein molecules directed against foreign structures (specific antibodies).
  • T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity, they are divided into the T-helpers (to stimulate antibody production) and T suppressor (inhibit antibody production).
  • K-lymphocytes or "killer cells" capable of destroying alien structures (bacteria, viruses, and so on).
  • NK-cells have control over the quality of the body's cells. Thus NK-cells are able to destroy cells, whose properties differ from normal cells, such as cancer cells.

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Quantitative and qualitative changes in lymphocytes

Changes lymphocytes are quantitative and qualitative, it may be the consequence of the primary lesion cells under the influence of various causes, or secondary - as a result of the body's response to the pathological processes that occur not in the blood system, and the organs and tissues of other systems. There is always a change of reactivity of the organism, including immune and allergic, which is associated with lymphocyte processes humoral and cellular immunity.

Therefore, detection of peripheral blood in certain diseases of the so-called degenerative (modified) forms of lymphocytes with a modified kernel, sometimes in the form of bare nuclei and so on is of great diagnostic value.

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In various diseases can occur:

  • increase or decrease in lymphocytes;
  • the emergence of various degenerative changes in lymphocytes;
  • the appearance in the peripheral blood of young immature lymphocytes.

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What lymphocytosis and its species

Lymphocytosis - this increase in the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Normally, the blood contains 19-37% of lymphocytes (on all leukocytes) or 0, 8 - 3, 6 g / L (absolute value).

To properly evaluate changes in the sketch is necessary to evaluate not only the percentages of different types of white blood cells, but also their absolute content in 1 liter of blood. This is due to the fact that the change in the percentage of certain types of leucocytes does not always correspond to their true increase or decrease. For example, when the total reduction in the number of leucocytes caused by decrease in the number of neutrophils (granular leukocytes) in the blood can be detected relative increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes, while the absolute number is normal. Therefore lymphocytosis divided into absolute and relative (increase in the percentage of lymphocytes in relation to other cells of the blood).

  Relative lymphocytosis

Relative lymphocytosis, ie an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes in normal (or even a few drops) of their absolute amount is more common than absolute. Relative lymphocytosis revealed in all diseases accompanied by a decrease in other types of leukocytes, including viral infections (flu), chronic inflammatory diseases, occurring against the backdrop of reducing the resistance of the organism, as well as typhoid fever, brucellosis, leishmaniasis, etc.

  Absolute lymphocytosis

The absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood (absolute lymphocytosis) - more characteristic of acute infections such as whooping cough This pest, pest whooping ...  This pest, pest whooping ...
 Measles Measles in children - may cause serious complications  Measles in children - may cause serious complications
 , Rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, acute viral hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time  Hepatitis - the scourge of our time
 , Cytomegalovirus infection, and others. In addition, absolute lymphocytosis is characteristic of tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism: increased secretion of thyroid hormone  Hyperthyroidism: increased secretion of thyroid hormone
   (increased thyroid function), acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic, lymphosarcoma.

In chronic inflammations and infections is infiltration by lymphocytes inflammatory focus, and as a result - absolute or relative lymphocytosis in the blood.

  Lymphocytosis leukemia

When lymphoblastic leukemia (malignant diseases of blood) cells do not mature until the end, so they can not perform their inherent function of protecting the body against viruses and bacteria. The number of immature cells (blasts) literally fills the circulatory system and internal organs and is responsible for development of the main symptoms - anemia, bleeding, various infections, irritation, increase and dysfunction of affected organs.

Lymphocytes - a whole army of white blood cells that protect our body against attacks by bacteria, viruses and other intruders. So you should know whether your normal number of defenders.

  Galina Romanenko


Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins - Indications for

January 17, 2010

  • Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins
  • Indications for

What is in the blood

Blood - is one of the tissues of the body, it consists of the liquid portion (plasma) and cellular elements. Plasma - a blood tissue intercellular substance, it is a homogeneous transparent or slightly cloudy liquid with a yellow tinge. After precipitation of blood cells by centrifugation, the blood is separated into plasma (located in the vessel above) and formed elements (red blood cells, they are at the bottom).

Blood plasma consists of water with dissolved substances (organic or mineral), including proteins (albumin, globulin and fibrinogen), carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids), hormones, enzymes, vitamins, individual components salts (ions) and some products of metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things  Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things
 .

With the plasma from the body are derived metabolic products, toxins, immune antigen-antibody complexes (they appear as a defensive reaction by ingestion of foreign particles to remove them), etc., that is all too much, that interferes with our body work.

The cellular elements of the blood is also not uniform, they are made up of red blood cells (RBCs), white (WBC) and platelets (thrombocytes).

 Indications for | Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins

What held plasmapheresis

Plasmapheresis can be carried out in order to collect blood from the donor, separate it into plasma and cellular elements, and then return the cellular elements of the donor. Donated plasma is used to treat patients. With plasmapheresis can be obtained and high fraction of donor cell elements which are also used in the treatment of patients: erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet mass.

With the purpose of treatment plasmapheresis used in blood diseases, such as leukemia, when it was necessary to remove leukemic cells, autoimmune (allergic to own tissues), diseases in which the plasma is filled with antigen-antibody complexes which are deposited in the tissues of internal organs and destroy them, in some severe liver and kidney diseases, and so on.

A few years after the introduction of methods of therapeutic plasmapheresis indications for its holding significantly expanded, it was used in many diseases associated with metabolic disturbances, chronic inflammatory diseases, poisonings and even wellness targets for the rejuvenation of the body, cleanse the skin, strengthen the immune system Strengthening the immune system - help the immune system  Strengthening the immune system - help the immune system
 . But in recent years the concept of the extended use of plasmapheresis is increasingly criticized, the fact that plasmapheresis can not delete it from the body components which, in the opinion of the doctor, preventing the body to develop properly. However, harmful substances are removed and many useful that further violates the metabolism and destroys the immune system. With the right approach should be carried out after plasmapheresis replacement therapy to restore the disturbed equilibrium.

Therefore today developed other, more selective methods of blood purification, for example immunoadsorption whereby blood is cleared only by immune complexes of antigen-antibody complex.

 Indications for | Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins

Indications for

The main indications for treatment of patients with plasmapheresis:

  • severe hepatic impairment;
  • severe renal insufficiency, including autoimmune background processes in the kidney (glomerulonephritis);
  • poisoning by various toxins, including fungi;
  • cryoglobulinemia - the formation of immune complexes in the blood under the influence of hypothermia;
  • Multiple myeloma - a cancer in which the accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to the destruction of the bone;
  • some types of bleeding disorders;
  • elevated blood "bad" cholesterol, which is formed in blood of the protein-fat complexes of low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and is then deposited in the form of plaques in blood vessels;
  • antibodies to receptors located at the point of contact of nerve and muscle cells, disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses and causes malfunction of the musculoskeletal system (myasthenia gravis).

Some clinics continue to use plasmapheresis to treat many other diseases: inflammatory processes in the skin and internal organs, infections, sexually transmitted infections, chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic fatigue - if life is not a pleasant experience  Chronic fatigue - if life is not a pleasant experience
 , Diabetes, thyroid disease The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones  The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones
 For improvement and so on.

 Indications for | Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins

How is

Plasmapheresis procedure is that the patient is punctured vein and through a set of tubes connected to a special separator. The separator is separated blood cell mass and plasma. Plasma is removed and the red blood cells with plasma-substituting solutions are returned to the blood. The procedure lasts about two hours. Modern equipment for plasmapheresis is fully automated and safe for the patient's health: get after plasmapheresis infection is impossible, since they use only sterile disposable sets of materials.

Remember that plasmapheresis - not just a cleansing treatment with it are removed and necessary for the body components of the blood, so it can only be performed if indicated.

Galina Romanenko






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