The mechanism of action Ornidazole

Ornidazole - a drug that kills protozoa (Trichomonas, Gardnerella, amoeba, giardia) and certain types of anaerobic (without developing air) bacteria that cause infection. By ornidazole not susceptible aerobic microorganisms (developing in the presence of air).

Ornidazole taken orally in pill form. Upon receipt of the gastrointestinal tract ornidazole absorbed into the bloodstream and enters into various tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid. In contact with the protozoa and anaerobic bacteria ornidazole binds to proteins of cell interacts with DNA of the microorganism cells and blocks the formation of nucleic acids required for constructing the cage. As a result of such a treatment cell anaerobic protozoa and bacteria are killed.

Decomposes ornidazole in the liver, then in the form of decomposition products (metabolites which also possess little activity against infectious agents) can be derived through the kidneys (fully drug excreted for five days). A small portion of the drug is excreted through the kidneys unchanged.

Apply ornidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis Giardiasis - recommend a full examination And infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms.

Ornidazole belongs to the same group of drugs as metronidazole Metronidazole - what is it?   (Trichopolum), but unlike the latter, it does not affect the degrading enzyme in the body alcohol, so does not cause adverse reactions when used.

Various pharmaceutical firms ornidazol sold under the name: avrazor, Vero ornidazole, Geir, dazolik, lornizol, ornion, ornisid, ornisid fort tiberal.

Indications and contraindications for use

Ornidazole appoint the following infections caused by protozoa and anaerobic bacteria:

• trichomoniasis in men and women - infections, sexually transmitted infections (the simultaneous treatment of both sexual partners);
• amebiasis (amoebic dysentery, extraintestinal forms of amebiasis, including amebic liver damage when);
• giardiasis;
• to prevent infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, for abdominal operations in the intestines and in the female genital organs.

With simultaneous use of ornidazole with some drugs that lower blood clotting, their effect can be enhanced.

Ornidazole contraindicated:

• in case of hypersensitivity to the drug;
• during pregnancy (especially in the first 12 weeks) and lactation Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!   Animal studies have not revealed any teratogenic (causes abnormal development of organs and tissues of the fetus) or the toxic effect of the drug on the fetus, but clinical studies in pregnant women have not been conducted;
• in central nervous system diseases (epilepsy, trauma, tumors and diseases of the brain and spinal cord);
• in hepatic dysfunction (often disorders of the liver, which goes unnoticed, occur in people who abuse alcohol).

Since ornidazole has a depressing effect on the central nervous system, it should not be used while driving or other activities that require coordination of movements.

Possible consequences

Ornidazole may cause the following side effects:

• the central and peripheral nervous system (headache, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Drowsiness, fatigue, tremors, loss of coordination, seizures, movement disorders and sensitivity);
• in the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver function);
• allergic reactions such as skin rashes.

Upon receipt of ornidazole in doses exceeding therapeutic, it may be poisoning, which manifests itself in the form of a severe headache, seizures, decrease mood (depression), movement disorders and sensitivity. In this case, consult a doctor. Treatment consists of gastric lavage, and administration of medications that reduce symptoms of overdose.

Since ornidazole has an active effect on the cells of infectious agents, it can not but have an impact on the human body, so it should only be applied by a physician taking into account all the indications and contraindications.

Galina Romanenko

Risk factors

Although oral thrush can face anyone, in some situations, the risk of fungal diseases of the oral mucosa is much higher. The group of major risk factors that increase the likelihood of yeast infection in the mouth include:

• Immunocompromised
• The need to wear dentures (false teeth)
• Diseases that weaken the immune system Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   (e.g., diabetes or anemia)
• Long-term use of certain medications (antibiotics, corticosteroids)
• Chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer treatment
• Diseases caused by dry mouth (xerostomia)
• Smoking

Effects of yeast in the mouth

Oral thrush in children and healthy adults are generally not considered a serious problem, although infection may return again even after the full treatment. However, if the immune system The immune system - how it works?   a person is weakened, the symptoms of thrush in the mouth may be more serious.

With the weakening of imunniteta:

• With high probability, thrush can spread to other parts of the body, including the digestive tract, lungs, liver.
• Thrush may be accompanied by severe damage to the mucous membrane of the mouth and esophagus, making it difficult and painful process of making chewing and swallowing food.
• The infection can spread to the intestinal tract and cause damage to the intestinal wall.

The mechanism of action of Nurofen

Nurofen (INN - ibuprofen) - this is a drug belonging to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is produced in tablets, coated tablets, in the form of effervescent soluble tablets, capsules containing the drug in liquid form (Nurofen ultrakap) as rectal suppositories and suspensions for children as well as for topical application in the form of 5% gel. Available as Nurofen Plus - combined medication that contains ibuprofen and codeine, which enhances the analgesic effect of ibuprofen.

Nurofen has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and lowers the heat action. Nurofen mechanism of action is that it inhibits the formation of prostaglandins which provide the formation of inflammatory pain and strong rise in temperature. This happens because Nurofen does not give the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins.

After a single oral nurofen rapidly absorbed in the intestine into the blood stream and is active for 8 hours, then decomposed by the liver and excreted in the urine and feces in the form of metabolites (metabolic products).

Indications and contraindications for the use of Nurofen

Indications for use of Nurofen are:

• any acute illness and reactions accompanied by fever (flu, SARS, childhood infections, reactions to the vaccine), including children;
• headache, migraine (headache in one half of the head);
• toothache and ear pain;
• joint pain Joint pain - how to understand what is going on?   inflammatory and metabolic diseases (arthritis and osteoarthritis);
• pain along the peripheral nerves in their infringement or inflammation;
• pain in the spine in osteochondrosis, scoliosis, ankylosing spondylosis (ankylosing spondylitis);
• muscle pain, muscle fascia (cases muscle), tendons, ligaments of various origins, including arising from injury (ligament injuries and other sports injuries);
• severe pain that occur during menstruation (algomenorrhea).

Contraindications for use Nurofen:

• idiosyncrasy Nurofen, and other NSAIDs;
• Aspirin or asthma triad: asthma, polypoid rhinitis, drug intolerance;
• inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis);
• gastrointestinal bleeding of any origin;
• severe disorders of the liver, kidneys and circulatory system;
• coagulation function of blood disorders;
• reduction in the number of leukocytes in the blood;
• severe traumatic brain injury, increased intracranial pressure, intracranial hemorrhage;
• diseases of the optic nerve and some other impairment;
• hearing loss, vestibular disorders;
• some metabolic (enzyme deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increased the amount of potassium in the blood);
• pregnancy;
• Children's age: For rectal suppositories and suspension - up to 3 months for tablets - up to 6 years old, for effervescent tablets, capsules and gel with a solution - up to 12 years.

Side effects that may occur when using Nurofen

In the application of Nurofen may experience the following side effects:

• the part of the digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, discomfort and pain in the upper abdomen, diarrhea, flatulence; long-term use - a violation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines in the form of ulcers and erosions, bleeding; irritation or dryness in the mouth, stomatitis, constipation (for Nurofen Plus, a codeine-containing);
• from the liver and pancreas - liver dysfunction, hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time Pancreatitis;
• the central nervous system and sensory organs: headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances Dreams: how to understand our dreams   (insomnia at night and daytime sleepiness), agitation, anxiety, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper Bad mood, excessive sweating; seldom - disturbances of consciousness, hallucinations, hearing loss, tinnitus, blurred vision;
• on the part of the circulatory system: the disruption of the heart muscle, increase blood pressure, heart rate;
• with a side of blood: anemia, decrease in platelet count (thrombocytopenia) and white blood cells, including granulosa (agranulocytosis);
• from respiratory: dyspnea, bronchospasm, respiratory depression (characteristic of Nurofen Plus containing codeine, respiratory depression);
• from the kidney: acute renal failure, inflammation of the kidneys and the bladder;
• Allergic reactions of immediate and delayed type;
• when used topically Nurofen can cause redness, itching and burning sensation at the site of gel application.

Nurofen much needed medication, but still, we should not forget about its side effects, and not take it for a long time without a prescription.