Malaria - a tropical disease spread by mosquitoes infected with malaria parasites. It is a huge problem, particularly for Africa.

Malaria occurs in tropical regions:

• Large areas of Africa and Asia;
• Central and South America;
• Haiti and the Dominican Republic;
• Parts of the Middle East and the Far East;
• Some Pacific islands such as Papua New Guinea.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008 alone were 243 million cases of malaria; and about one million people have died from the disease. Most of the deaths occurred in the African countries located close to the equator and south of the Sahara. Malaria kills a lot of children. WHO experts say that every thirty seconds, the disease kills one child.

Symptoms of malaria

Symptoms of malaria usually appear ten to fifteen days after the human bitten by a mosquito. However, depending on the species of malaria parasites, caught in the body, the incubation period can last for about a year.

The symptoms of malaria are similar to flu symptoms Influenza - expect the unexpected but always :

• High body temperature - 38 ° C or above;
• Sweating and chills;
• Malaise;
• Muscle aches;
• Headache;
• Cough;
• Diarrhea.

Some types of malaria symptoms appear a certain cycle. First, the patient feels a strong chill - it travels in an hour. Then there is a fever that lasts from two to six hours, after which begins sweating.

Falciparum malaria

Falciparum malaria - the most severe type of malaria, which can rapidly turn into a life-threatening condition.

Symptoms may appear within eight days after the bite. Without treatment, the disease quickly gives complications such as breathing problems, liver failure and shock. The most serious complications occur when the parasite is the causative agent of malaria tropica, fall in blood vessels of the brain. This can lead to coma and death.

If you experience any symptoms of malaria as soon as possible is important to seek medical help, even if you traveled to a tropical country several months ago. It should be noted that although malaria in Europe is very rare, are not immune from it, even those who have not traveled to the territories in which the disease is spread. For example, malaria cases have been reported in workers airports, as well as people who regularly come into contact with the imported goods.

Causes

Malaria is caused by a parasite known as Plasmodium. There are many different species of Plasmodium, but only five of them cause malaria in humans:

• Plasmodium falciparum is found mainly in Africa. This parasite is the cause of most deaths from malaria worldwide.
• Plasmodium vivax is common in Asia and Latin America. It causes less severe symptoms than the previous one parasite, but may live in the liver up to three years, causing recurrence of the disease.
• Plasmodium ovale is usually found in Africa. Relatively rare, this parasite can stay in the blood for several years without causing any symptoms.
• Plasmodium malariae is rare, mainly in West Africa.
• Plasmodium knowlesi - the rarest of malaria parasites in humans. It is found in parts of Southeast Asia.

How to spread the parasites

Malaria parasites are spreading the female Anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquito bite has malaria, the disease becomes a peddler.

Once in the blood of human malaria parasite is directed to the liver. There he develops a while, and then re-enters the bloodstream and affects the red blood cells. Once in the red blood cells, the parasites begin to reproduce. Eventually, the infected red blood cells rupture and release into the blood more parasites.

Typically, the infected cells are broken every 48-72 hours. Every time this happens, the person feels chills, fever and sweating.

As a rule, malarial mosquitoes are active at night.

Pregnancy and malaria

Physical changes in the body of a pregnant make it more attractive to mosquitoes. Infection with malaria during pregnancy threatens the development of severe malaria and is associated with a high risk of miscarriage Miscarriage - can you protect yourself from it?   and stillbirths and premature births. In addition, for both mother and child, the risk of death from complications of malaria.

WHO recommends that pregnant women as possible to avoid travel to areas where malaria is prevalent.

Makmiror - an antibacterial drug that is also able to inhibit the action of pathogenic fungi and protozoa. Produced and Makmiror complex - the drug, which in addition to the main active ingredient (nifuratel) include antifungal antibiotic Nystatin.

The mechanism of action Makmiror

Makmiror - a drug whose primary active ingredient is nifuratel - synthetic drug nitrofuran series with antimicrobial action. Available Makmiror tablets for oral pharmaceutical company Polihim (Italy). The same company produces Makmiror complex in the form of vaginal suppositories and creams, which in addition to the main active ingredient nifuratel contains antifungal antibiotic nystatin Nystatin - help with candidiasis .

Makmiror tablets has antimicrobial, protivotrihomonadnyh and antifungal activity. This is a drug that is effective in the treatment effect has few side effects and is well tolerated by patients.

Sensitivity to Makmiror show gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: enterococci, staphylococci, different types of E. coli, shigella (dysentery pathogens), Salmonella, Klebsiella, Helicobacter pylori. From the simplest to the Makmiror sensitive amoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas, from fungi - yeast fungi genus Candida. Makmiror tablets used in intestinal infections, urinary tract infections, certain sexually transmitted infections.

Nifuratel well with nystatin suppositories and creams Makmiror complex, which enhances its antifungal effect. Makmiror complex used in gynecological and urological practice - a combination of Nystatin nifuratel and allows to reach a broader spectrum of action and greater efficiency. This Makmiror complex does not violate the normal microflora and does not cause dysbiosis vagina Dysbacteriosis vagina - how to fight? .

After ingestion Makmiror rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, can penetrate into the tissue of the brain and the placenta to the fetus, it is excreted in human milk. Thereafter, it is decomposed into inactive metabolites in the liver and muscle tissue, and then excreted in urine.

Indications and contraindications for use Makmiror

Makmiror tablets treat the following diseases:

• chronic gastritis and duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori pathogen;
• intestinal amebiasis;
• giardiasis;
• gynecological infections caused by susceptible to malaria pathogens (sensitive bacterial microflora, Trichomonas, chlamydia Chlamydia: insidious and widespread disease , Fungi of the genus Candida); in the treatment of these diseases should refuse sex; must be treated sexual partner a woman;
• urinary infections caused by susceptible to malaria pathogens - pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis.

Makmiror complex is appointed as an external agent for gynecological and urological infections, including sexually transmitted diseases.

Contraindication to Makmiror are:

• individual intolerance of components;
• breast-feeding.

During pregnancy Makmiror prescribed only when there are clear indications. In this case, the doctor decides how the anticipated benefits to the mother's body outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, as Makmiror crosses the placenta to the fetus. Nevertheless, it was not found any negative influence on the pregnancy Makmiror and fruit. Do not have a Makmiror negative impact on the male body (sperm production and the ability to fertilize an egg).

Side effects and overdose Makmiror

Makmiror generally well tolerated, but sometimes there may be some side effects from the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bitterness in the mouth, heartburn, stomach pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms . It is also possible allergic reactions, which manifest in a variety of rashes on the skin, burning and itching in the mucous membranes.

Makmiror no effect on the ability to perform accurate action and the attention, so during his oral drive vehicles are allowed to engage in other potentially hazardous activities.

Makmiror overdose has not been revealed.

Makmiror and Makmiror complex - effective and non-toxic drugs. But, like any antibacterial drugs, they can be taken only when prescribed by a doctor after a preliminary examination, including after the detection of the causative agent and its sensitivity to Makmiror.

Galina Romanenko