Movalis - a drug that reduces inflammation and pain. It belongs to a new generation nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs which can be used for a long time because they have fewer side effects in the gastrointestinal tract.

The mechanism of action movalis

Movalis (INN for the title - meloxicam) - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively inhibits the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It produced the drug in tablets, rectal suppositories and solution for injection of the German pharmaceutical company Berlinger Ingelheim Pharma.

Thus in contrast to the classical NSAIDs movalis Movalis - relieve symptoms of inflammation   It does not inhibit the activity of COX-1, which protects the gastric mucosa from external influences by formation of prostaglandins in the art. Of course, the division of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 is not as absolute, so any complications from the gastrointestinal tract may still be, as required warning manufacturers.

Since the main contingent of patients are patients in the diseases of joints and spine, emphasized that movalis no effect on proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes of articular cartilage that is not destroys the cartilage and promotes the formation of arthrosis (metabolic diseases of the joints).

It specifies that the drug has a long action and its enough to take once a day, which is very convenient for patients receiving long-term therapy. It is compatible with other drugs belonging to the set of anti-inflammatory treatment.

The drug was well tolerated and rapidly absorbed into the blood and begins to exert an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect. It is also not very significantly reduces the process of thrombus formation without causing increased bleeding.

Indications and contraindications for use movalis

Admission movalis shown in the following diseases of the joints and spine:

• rheumatoid arthritis;
• ankylosing spondylitis (ankylosing spondylitis);
• inflammatory joint diseases - arthritis;
• degenerative (metabolic) diseases of the joints - arthritis.

Admission movalis contraindicated:

• if you are hypersensitive to the drug;
• when "aspirin" bronchial asthma or pollinosis in combination with any NSAIDs intolerance and allergies to other NSAIDs;
• In gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in the acute stage;
• for bleeding from any source and from any area, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, including diseases of the rectum;
• with severe diseases of the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system in violation of their functions;
• Pregnancy and breast- Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• at the age of twelve for tablets and suppositories, and up to fifteen years for injection.

With careful use movalis used in the elderly and in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Side effects that may occur in the application and overdose movalis

When receiving movalis may experience the following side effects:

• on the part of the brain - headache, dizziness, tinnitus, lethargy, some impairment of consciousness and orientation;
• the part of the circulatory system - hypertension, tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit? , Swelling;
• the part of the digestive system - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, epigastric pain, bloating, transient liver dysfunction, stomatitis Stomatitis - to breath fresh , Esophagitis (inflammation of the walls of the esophagus), stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, including gastrointestinal bleeding, colitis, perforation (perforation of the wall) of the stomach or intestines;
• the blood system - decrease in the number of red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (low immunity) and platelets (bleeding);
• by the organs of vision - conjunctivitis, blurred vision;
• by the kidneys and urinary tract - renal dysfunction;
• allergies - itchy rash, urticaria, angioedema, allergic to sunlight, seizures, bronchospasm.

Movalis - quality analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.

Galina Romanenko

Mikosist - is an antifungal agent that produces well-known Hungarian pharmaceutical company Gedeon Richter. The active substance is fluconazole Mikosista, which is the basis of most modern effective antifungal agents.

The mechanism of action Mikosista

Mikosist (active substance - fluconazole) - is an antifungal drug is a broad-spectrum, which is available in capsules of 50, 100 and 150 mg solution for infusion in bottles of 100 ml (1 ml contains 2 mg fluconazole).

The operation of the blocking function is Mikosista fungal enzyme, in particular a fungal cytochrome P450. It also blocked the formation of sterols in fungal cells and a number of other biochemical reactions in the cell of the fungus. This leads to disruption of cell membrane permeability and inhibition processes of its life.

Thus mikosist no effect on cytochrome P450 human liver cells. Tsitofrom P450 - a group of enzymes responsible for the decomposition in the body foreign substances and drugs on neutral metabolites which are then excreted in the urine or feces. Mikosist a lesser extent inhibits the metabolic processes in the human liver cells associated with the function of cytochrome P450 (in comparison with other antifungals such as clotrimazole and ketoconazole).

Sensitivity to Mikosist Mikosist - another remedy for thrush   show yeast fungi genus Candida, Cryptococcus (they are often the cause of meningitis), agents Microsporum, Trichophyton, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis.

Once in the blood mikosist quickly into body fluids and tissues of the human body, its concentration in these fluids are almost the same as in the blood.

The drug is partially decomposed in the liver, but mainly excreted in the urine unchanged. Removing it from the body depends on renal function.

Indications and contraindications

Mikosist appoint the following fungal diseases:

• cryptococcosis including cryptococcal meningitis Cryptococcal meningitis - a serious illness , Lesions of the lung, skin sepsis; for the prevention of recurrence in patients with cryptococcosis sharp decline in immunity (HIV, organ transplants, and so on);
• generalized (with the defeat of all organs and tissues), candidiasis, including cancer patients, after treatment suppresses the immune process;
• candidiasis of the mucous membranes of the mouth (thrush, including background wearing dentures), pharynx, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, organs and urine formation mochevyvedeniya; to prevent relapse of these diseases in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV infection);
• candidiasis of genitals (thrush) in women;
• for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with malignant tumors after chemo- and radiotherapy;
• fungal diseases of the skin of the trunk and groin;
• deep fungal infections - coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in patients without impaired immunity.

Mikosist contraindicated:

• while taking antihistamines terfenadine and astemizole - both drugs and mikosist cause cardiac arrhythmia;
• during breast Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast - is allocated to human milk;
• under the age of six months - for the purpose of capsules;
• if you are hypersensitive to the components of the drug by the body of the patient.

Be wary appoint mikosist at the failure of the liver and kidneys, pregnancy (only strictly on the evidence and on doctor's orders), a rash at the application Mikosista in patients with fungal infection, while taking certain medications (decaying in the liver with the participation of the enzyme cytochrome P450, for example, rifabutin). Also mikosist caution appoint patients with the threat of severe cardiac arrhythmias, impaired water-salt metabolism, intolerance to aspirin.

Side effects

In applying Mikosista can develop the following side effects:

• on the part of the digestive tract - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms , Taste disturbances, disturbances of the liver (seen in changes in blood chemistry, jaundice, sometimes - severe liver damage);
• Nervous system - headache, dizziness, convulsions;
• from the blood - a decrease in blood cells and platelets are responsible for blood clotting and immunity;
• on the part of the circulatory system - heart rhythm disorder;
• from metabolism - decrease in blood potassium levels (threatening heart rhythm disorders), elevated blood cholesterol;
• In addition, there may be a violation of the kidneys and alopecia;
• allergies - itchy skin rash, severe skin and mucous membranes allergic (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome), urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm attacks.

Mikosist - quality antifungal drug, which, however, has a lot of contraindications and side effects.

Galina Romanenko