Prednisolone - synthetic glucocorticoid agent (GCS) It has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-edematous action. It suppresses the immune system, exudation of fluid from the small blood vessels (exudates) in inflammation, uncontrolled proliferation of tissue cells (proliferation), relieves itching.
The mechanism of action of prednisolone
Perdnizolon - a drug, which is a synthetic and more active derivative adrenocortical hormone hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone - a drug that could save the life of the patient
. Available prednisolone
Prednisolone - against inflammation, allergy and pain, but with complications
in the form of tablets, injectable solutions, ointments and ophthalmic suspensions.
The mechanism of action of prednisolone is connected with the fact that it inhibits the synthesis of biologically active substances that cause inflammation and allergies, and also reduces the concentration of enzymes that break down proteins in inflammation.
Prednisolone actively inhibits phagocytosis (cellular immunity - destruction of pathogens by macrophages cells) and antibodies to a foreign substance (humoral immunity) - this leads to a rapid and substantial reduction in immunity. It also inhibits the formation of collagen protein to the site of inflammation or injury (that is, the formation of rough scars and adhesions).
Antiallergic effect of prednisolone is associated with suppression of formation and secretion of histamine and other biologically active substances involved in allergic reactions. It also reduces the permeability of small blood vessels (capillaries) that prevents the appearance of edema.
Antishock effect of prednisolone is due to the fact that it enhances the action of adrenaline (primarily its ability to raise blood pressure, which drops sharply in shock), and sensitivity to the receptors located in different organs and tissues.
Prednisolone also has a marked effect on the metabolism
Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting
. It reduces the amount of protein in blood plasma increases protein breakdown in muscle tissue, increases its synthesis in the liver. This can lead to the suppression of growth in children.
Not less impact it has on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: inhibits glucose uptake by fat cells, which leads to the activation decay adipose tissue. But because of the increase under its influence insulin secretion is stimulated formation of fat, which contributes to its accumulation.
Marked effects prednisolone provides water-salt exchange: he delays in the body of sodium and water (edema) and outputs potassium, reduces the absorption of calcium in the intestine increases its elution from bone and kidney excretion (this leads to depletion of bone calcium or osteoporosis - bone become brittle).
In high doses, prednisone can increase excitability of the central nervous system that leads to the formation of seizure. Prednisolone suppresses the secretion of pituitary hormones, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of endogenous (produced by the body), glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens. It inhibits secretion of pituitary hormones that stimulate the thyroid function and maturation of the egg in the ovary.
Indications and contraindications
Prednisolone tablets and as an injection used for rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, certain types of leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, neurodermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and other testimony to the use of corticosteroids. Prednisone is also introduced into the joints in the presence of these inflammatory and degenerative processes. In the treatment of eye diseases prednisolone used as a suspension.
Do not use this prednisolone in case of hypersensitivity to it of the patient, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer, osteoporosis, severe diabetes, stable high blood pressure, thrombophlebitis, disease or syndrome Cushing (violation of regulatory mechanisms controlling the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, resulting in increased production of corticosteroids), increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma), acute bacterial, viral and fungal infections, active form of tuberculosis, inflammation of the lymphatic vessels on the background of the introduction of the BCG vaccine, syphilis, psychosis, tumors, breast-
Breastfeeding - a personal choice
feeding. It should appoint prednisone for two weeks before the administration of any vaccine and two weeks after.
In pregnancy, prednisone can be administered only for health reasons.
Side effects
Prednisone has many side effects. Part of the endocrine system and metabolism may be suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, steroid diabetes, slowing growth and sexual development in children disorders of protein metabolism, osteoporosis, reduced levels of potassium and calcium in the blood, obesity, sweating. Decreasing the amount of potassium in the blood leads to violations of the heart muscle, blood stagnation, thrombosis.
On the part of the digestive system - nausea, vomiting, stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, inflammation of the esophagus, pancreas, bleeding from the stomach and intestine, and perforation of the walls, violation of appetite, bloating, hiccups. Sometimes - impaired liver function.
Patients may cause persistent headaches, increased intracranial pressure, psychoses, neuroses, depression, seizures. It is also possible the development of cataracts, circulatory disorders in the area of the cornea.
The skin may appear petechial hemorrhages, acne, striae (stretch marks), fungal infections, slow process of regeneration skin with reduced or increased pigmentation.
Prednisolone - a drug that in no case can not be used without a doctor's prescription.
Galina Romanenko