Every woman needs to know the length of your menstrual cycle and its basic parameters, because of some deficiencies in the health status of first signal change in the cycle. In addition, knowledge of the menstrual cycle will help not only to calculate the "safe" days, but also to determine the best time for conception. Unfortunately, not all women know how to determine the menstrual cycle, although doctors strongly recommended to keep a calendar of menstruation, which is convenient for both women and for gynecologists. By monitoring your menstrual cycle permanently, a woman can find their own answers to simple questions, such as: "Why do I have today, in the middle of the cycle, sick underbelly? "

Determination of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is regular cyclical changes which occur in the female reproductive system and causes periodic changes in the body. The main task of that nature has set for the menstrual cycle, it is to prepare the body for conception and childbearing.

If fertilization has not occurred, the menstrual cycle ends uterine bleeding or menses. In fact, menstruation is not the end but the beginning of new cyclic changes since the beginning of the month renewed all the physiological processes associated with the menstrual cycle and the body again starts to prepare for a possible pregnancy. Thus, it becomes clear that the calculation of the menstrual cycle should be performed on the first day of the month before the first day of the following.

The length of the menstrual cycle normally corresponds to 21-35 days. Regular, "day", menstruation is rare, and it's the exception rather than the norm. The deviation of the average of the cycle of one to three days. For example, if an ordinary woman's menstrual cycle is 28 days, and the next period began 30 days, this is not a violation of the cycle. Moreover, in controlling menstrual cycles during six months or a year is possible to detect the shortest and the longest cycle, but the difference between them should not exceed ten days.

Calendar of menstruation

Any self-respecting, and the health conscious woman should keep a calendar of menstruation. According to records in the calendar, it will always be able to calculate the date of the alleged monthly, and at the regular cycle and "dangerous" days. But this method of contraception is not reliable, and most importantly, does not protect against infections, sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis and AIDS AIDS - is still very scary .

The calendar notes the woman is not only the start date and the end of menstruation, but also notes the intensity of uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding outside of menstruation - a sign of a serious breach The presence or absence of pain and other symptoms (such as spotting before or after menstruation). As you know, the menstrual cycle - is very finely organized biological process that is very sensitive to the slightest changes in the body of the woman or her lifestyle. For example, using the calendar menstruating woman can find an explanation began earlier period, or, conversely, overdue month. This is possible with stress, climate change, after heavy exercise and other things. If abnormalities in the menstrual cycle is repeated over several months, you should see a doctor to determine the cause of such violations.

How to determine ovulation in the menstrual cycle

Ovulation - a process during which the dominant follicle ruptures and out comes a mature oocyte ready for fertilization. Knowing the time of ovulation will help to increase her chances of conceiving, or, alternatively, to refrain from sexual activity in the absence of desire to get pregnant. Ovulation occurs about the middle of the cycle (approximately fourteen day in menstrual cycle length of 28 days).

Indirect signs of ovulation include: the appearance of pain in the abdomen Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm?   mild or moderate intensity, increased sex drive (due to the massive release of progesterone), dilution and increase the number of vaginal discharge Vaginal discharge: normal or disease? .

Anna Sozinova

Who of women at least once in life is not interested in the question of what to do if lost menstrual cycle. Disorders of the menstrual cycle - it is a widespread phenomenon, and it is from its regularity, duration and volume of menstrual bleeding depends not only on reproductive health but also overall health. The menstrual cycle - is a kind of biological clock that shows any abnormalities in the body. First and foremost, disruptions in the menstrual cycle reduces a woman's ability to conceive and therefore, the possibility of pregnancy and childbirth.

The normal menstrual cycle and its regulation

The menstrual cycle is a complex physiological process, which is characterized by cyclic changes in the body and directed at the possibility of fertilization and implantation of a mature egg. The length of the menstrual cycle is different for each woman, ranging from 21 to 35 days (average 28 days). Slight variations (one to three days) in the direction of shortening or lengthening of the menstrual cycle are a variant of the norm. Menstruation lasts from three to seven days, and the total blood loss should not exceed 80 ml (about half a cup).

The regulation of the menstrual cycle involved the central nervous system and a group of certain hormones. The first operation of the menstrual cycle is dependent on the cerebral cortex, which sends nerve impulses to the hypothalamus, influencing the work of the pituitary gland. First (proliferative) phase was synthesized in the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone, which occurs under the action of the main follicle maturation and ovulation. In the second (secretory or luteal) phase of the pituitary gland starts to produce luteinizing hormone which stimulates the production of progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   and prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg.

The reasons for the failure of the menstrual cycle

Disorders of the menstrual cycle can occur for various reasons. The first cycle leads to a violation of inflammation (adnexitis, endometritis) and neoplastic diseases of the genital organs (ovarian cysts, fibroids and uterine cancer). Also crashing in the menstrual cycle may be due to hormonal disorders (hyperandrogenism, shortening or lengthening the phase of the menstrual cycle, menopausal disorders), hyperplastic processes in the endometrium (polyps, hyperplasia Hyperplasia - do not be afraid   endometrium), internal malfunctions in the ovaries themselves (apoplexy ovarian polycystic ovaries), abortion, complicated delivery, improper contraception. Not the least role in the disorder of the menstrual cycle play a chronic somatic diseases (cardiac pathology, kidney, liver, thyroid, diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   and others). In addition, the menstrual cycle is very sensitive to various types of intoxication (smoking, occupational hazards, taking certain medicines), climate change and nervous stress.

Clinical manifestations of disorders of the menstrual cycle

Depending on the level at which impaired regulation of menstrual cycle disorders, the following groups:

• cortico-hypothalamic;
• hypothalamic-pituitary;
• pituitary;
• ovarian;
• the mother;
• menstrual disorders in diseases of the thyroid gland;
• disorders of the adrenal glands and a group of genetic disorders.
• Distinguish following clinical forms of failure of the menstrual cycle:
• menorrhagia (menorrhagia) - plentiful monthly, in the coming period;
• gipomenoreya - scarce in the period of menstruation;
• polimenoreya - lasting more than six - seven days monthly;
• oligomenorrhea - short (one or two days), monthly;
• proyomenoreya - shortened (less than 21 days) menstrual cycles;
• opsomenoreya - infrequent menstruation, with intervals from 35 days to three months;
• amenorrhea - absence of menstrual periods of six months or more;
• metrorrhagia - acyclic bleeding.

Treatment failures

Treatment of disorders of the menstrual cycle primarily is to eliminate the causes. In the treatment of menstrual disorders include restorative drugs, vitamins, hormones and hemostatic agents. In some cases (genital tumors), surgery is required. In the case of infertility after the restoration of the menstrual cycle (if necessary) is carried out ovulation stimulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   or in vitro fertilization.

Anna Sozinova