Symptoms of a lack of progesterone - is, above all, various kinds of menstrual disorders, since progesterone provides offensive and proper development of its second half. The lack of progesterone is often associated with excess female hormone estrogen. During pregnancy, progesterone prevents miscarriage.

The function of progesterone in a woman's body

Progesterone - a female sex hormone that is produced in the second half of the menstrual cycle (MC). Progesterone secretion begins after the formation of on-site ruptured follicle glands of internal secretion of the corpus luteum. Therefore, the formation of progesterone is directly related to the secretion of other female sex hormones - estrogen, as estrogens in the first half of the MP promote oocyte maturation, follicular rupture, where it matures and output egg from the ovary (ovulation).

If little estrogen and the egg is not ripe, it can not break the follicle, so ovulation does not occur, the corpus luteum does not form and progesterone is not synthesized. If too much estrogen, the first half is prolonged MC, progesterone secretion is suppressed.

This causes rejection of the functional layer of the mucous membrane of the uterus and removal of the uterus through active contractions of smooth muscles.

Progesterone also affects the cyclic changes in the uterine mucosa. Under the influence of progesterone in the second half MC begin to function gland mucosa of the uterus, there are changes in the fallopian tubes, which help to move the egg toward the uterus. The mammary glands under the influence of progesterone the epithelium grows milk ducts.

During pregnancy, progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   is first formed in the corpus luteum of pregnancy (it is formed in place of the corpus luteum MC), and then the placenta. During this period, progesterone inhibits the contraction of smooth muscle of the uterus.

Regulation of the synthesis of the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone is mediated by the cortex of the brain the hypothalamus responsible for the operation of the entire endocrine system and the endocrine glands pituitary, allocates special gonadotropic hormones (TG - follicle-stimulating and luteinizing) of the first and second half of the MP.

The amount of progesterone in the blood can be determined and its metabolite (exchange product) pregnanediol - urine. Inadequate maintenance of these hormones can talk about infertility or the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Symptoms of a lack of progesterone in women

Since progesterone provides the right for the second half of the MP, with its lack of MC violated. Most often there is a delay ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? And then prolonged rejection endometrium, accompanied by prolonged painful bleeding. Progesterone is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroid hormones and adrenal cortex of male hormones androgen that affect a plurality of women in the body processes. Therefore, signs of a lack of progesterone in women - is:

• painful menstruation and intermenstrual bleeding;
• Depression, unexplainable mood swings Mood swings in women - bad character or a disease? Irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Aggressiveness, insomnia at night and sleepiness during the day before menstruation - premenstrual syndrome (PMS);
• vaginal dryness, pain during sexual intercourse;
• Androgen excess, which might cause excessive hairiness body overactive sebaceous glands of the skin, the appearance of acne and pigment spots on the skin; decreased skin elasticity, the appearance of premature wrinkles;
• fluctuations in blood pressure and associated headaches, dizziness, and sometimes - fainting;
• constipation, flatulence, bloating;
• disturbance of thermoregulation - increase or decrease in body temperature.

The lack of progesterone may be due to destruction of any part of the neuroendocrine system - the cerebral cortex (stress, lack of sleep), hypothalamus and pituitary gland (diseases, tumors), ovarian (tumors, cysts), adrenal, thyroid, liver (eg, cirrhosis). Hormonal disorders can begin in the background depletion (eg, women for a long time using various diets for weight loss), long uncontrolled hormonal contraceptives, and so on.

Symptoms of a lack of progesterone in pregnancy

The main function of progesterone in pregnancy is the inhibition of smooth muscle contraction of the uterus. If progesterone is produced insufficiently in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, which may result in spontaneous abortion. Therefore, when the threat of termination of pregnancy, and increased muscle tone (hypertonia) of the uterus during this period shall be appointed by synthetic and natural analogs of progesterone (or djufaston utrozhestan).

Reduced production of progesterone during pregnancy also leads to defective secretory changes in the lining of the uterus and will hinder the normal development of the embryo.

Symptoms of a lack of progesterone can be eliminated completely if the time to see a doctor.

Galina Romanenko

Every woman at least once in their lives suffered from painful menstruation. But as they say, once is not considered, and what to do if it pursues the unfortunate attack from month to month? Approximately 30-50% of all women in the world are experiencing pain during menstruation, and in 5-10% of their number of pain so intense that they lose their ability to work. Yet with pain during menstruation can and must be fought. Monthly pain, their expectation affect the general well-being of women, state of mind, a negative impact on family relations. Therefore, pain during menstruation include not only medical but also social problems.

Pain during menstruation

Pain during menstruation, or to put scientific term - algomenorrhea relate to violations of the menstrual cycle and are due to uterine activity. Contractions of the uterus during menstruation is necessary, because it must wrest from the cavity rejects the functional layer of the endometrium. The intensity of pain can vary from aching to cramping. Cramping explained uterine spasms, which leads to ischemia of the muscular layer (bleeding fabrics). Such a mechanism similar to myocardial infarction, which is also manifested by ischemia of the heart muscle.

Hormone deficiency second phase of the menstrual cycle (in particular, progesterone) leads to an overabundance of estrogen and enhanced production of prostaglandins. Furthermore, prostaglandins cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache.

Causes

There are primary and secondary algodismenorei. The causes of primary algodismenorei include:

• abnormal position of the uterus;
• malformations of the uterus;
• sexual infantilism;
• asthenic (thin) body structure;
• mentally unstable, emotional lability.

Causes of secondary algodismenorei:

• internal endometriosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• ovarian cysts;
• inflammation of the uterus and appendages;
• hormonal disorders;
• wearing an intrauterine device;
• adhesions in the pelvis.

Clinical manifestations algodismenorei

In addition to lower abdominal pain of varying intensity, there may be pain in the lower back and sacrum. Often, pain radiating to the lower extremities. In primary algodismenorei pains come after one and a half years after menarche (the same as the establishment of regular ovulatory cycles). In addition to pain, tuberculosis is characterized by nausea, vomiting, loose stools, weakness, fatigue. Sex is not a pleasure, headaches, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper . Pain in the primary algodismenoree last from several hours to several days.

In this disease the patient constantly feels the aching pain in the abdomen, which intensified during the period. Pain lasts the first two or three days of menstruation and are not accompanied by vegetative disorders (vomiting, nausea, etc.).

How to deal with pain during menstruation

The diet should limit coffee and chocolate, but vegetables, fruits and dairy products (as a source of calcium) should prevail. Useful exercise, yoga. Especially recommended for running, skiing, swimming, skating.

Because drugs are preferred drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin, brufen, Naprosyn). Acceptance of these drugs should be started two to three days before menstruation and continue to the first two days after it began. Admission antispasmodics and analgesics does not express the result as these drugs are not fighting the cause and consequence. Since algodismenoree often disrupted hormonal balance, appointed by the combined estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health -gestagensoderzhaschie drugs (oral contraceptives) in the usual way. Given that the appearance of pain during menstruation are more likely excitable woman appointed sedatives Sedatives - take valerian and be happy?   (valerian, motherwort). The positive effect of providing vitamin E, which relates to antioxidants Antioxidants: the truth about the notorious benefits .

Anna Sozinova