The volume of lost blood every month in different women can be very different. Norm is the loss of blood at least 60 ml and the duration of menstruation for at least three days. Smaller figures already indicate the presence of disease, such periods are called sparse or gipomenoreey.

Why am I having a scant month

Normally scanty menses Scarce or monthly hypomenstrual syndrome - a call to action   may occur in puberty, is not to establish the correct menstrual cycle. There may be such periods and under the expiring fertility of women before menopause. In fact, and in another case there is a lack of female hormones estrogen.

But in some cases, there are periods scarce childbearing age, in which case they are often a sign of infertility. Scant menstruation may occur rarely (less than 35 days), then talk about hypomenstrual syndrome. Provisional monthly by type of violation hypomenstrual syndrome can begin after overwork, stress, exhaustion against the backdrop of serious diseases, inflammatory processes and so on.

Long existing hypomenstrual syndrome says serious hormonal disturbances occurring at some level, the neuroendocrine system that ensures the normal reproductive function of women.

Hypomenstrual syndrome as a result of dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system

In various diseases of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus may be reduced secretion of these bodies of hormones that stimulate the reproductive system. Thus, a decrease in the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion leads to disruption of the ovaries of female sex hormones estrogen. The lack of FSH and estrogen causes the slow maturation of the egg cell in the ovary and the lack of growth of the mucous membrane of the uterus, which leads to the formation of hypomenstrual syndrome. In turn, the operation depends on the pituitary hormones stimulate the hypothalamus. Therefore, the development hypomenstrual syndrome may cause any processes in the hypothalamo-pituitary system - circulatory disorders, inflammations, infections, autoimmune processes (allergy's own tissues) proliferation of connective tissue (sclerosis), tumors and so on.

Violations of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in addition to the monthly change in the nature characterized by the appearance of pronounced headaches, high blood pressure, obesity, distribution of body fat and hair growth on male type, sometimes - impaired.

Hypomenstrual syndrome as a result of dysfunction of the ovaries

The ovaries produce the female sex hormones estrogen, which stimulates fertility, including the formation of the menstrual cycle. In inflammatory processes, nonhormonal tumors, polycystic, circulatory disorders of the ovaries and any other processes, reduced ovarian function for the production of estrogen, which leads to the formation of hypomenstrual syndrome.

In an age approaching forty, against various diseases or due to hereditary characteristics, can occur premature ovarian failure. Also hypomenstrual syndrome in a woman shows signs of early menopause: hot flushes in the face and the upper half of the body, sweating, irritability, weakness, pain in the heart Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor Tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit?   and jumps in blood pressure.

Lean periods may occur when polycystic ovaries. Menstruation thus scarce, rare, irregular and painful. This is often accompanied by obesity body hair of male type, of oily skin and acne.

Hypomenstrual syndrome as a result of thyroid dysfunction

Our endocrine system is a single entity and a disruption of the endocrine glands necessarily reflected in the work of others. The thyroid gland has a special influence on the entire human body, as her hormones are actively involved in metabolism. With a lack of thyroid hormone metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   decelerates naturally slows down the synthesis of other hormones, including estrogen. This leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle and the appearance of meager monthly. In addition, with a decrease thyroid function in women appear lethargy, drowsiness, impaired memory, intelligence and the ability to work, overweight, edema, bradycardia (slowing of heart rate), low body temperature.

The meager monthly - how to help?

Help is possible only after the establishment of the causes of the meager monthly, and this requires a full examination of women. Once the correct diagnosis is established, the doctor will outline a treatment plan. This may be as conservative (hormonal correction, etc.), and surgery (removal of tumors).

Early treatment can completely restore the fertility of women.

Galina Romanenko

The effects of amenorrhea depends on the type and the reasons that caused it. Slight irregularities in the area of ​​the hypothalamus, which were promptly identified and treated, as a rule, do not have consequences. If the amenorrhea is due to genetic, hereditary disorders or organic diseases, the consequences could be.

The effects of amenorrhea of ​​central origin

Amenorrhea of ​​central origin (hypothalamic-pituitary) can have many causes. The causes of functional disorders of the menstrual cycle often are stress and starvation. In time begun treatment of diseases usually leads to a complete cure without any consequences. Rebounding, including, and reproductive function. But if amenorrhea lasts long without help women, it can lead to changes in the genital organs - they atrophy (reduction in volume) and irreversible changes in the ovaries. In this case, it can be difficult to overcome infertility.

In addition, long-term reduction of estrogen in the blood can cause osteoporosis - a violation of calcium metabolism in which the bone loses calcium and become brittle, develop frequent bone fractures. The prolonged absence of estrogen is also a condition resembling premature menopause - irritable weakness, rush of blood to the upper body and face, sweating, seizures, palpitations and pains in the heart and so on. In addition, there is a pronounced dry mucous membranes of the genitals, which may interfere with sexual intercourse and cause urination disorders.

Since the female sex hormones are formed from cholesterol, unused cholesterol is deposited on the walls of blood vessels, causing diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease of the limbs and so on.

All these consequences are amenorrhea Amenorrhea - the effects of hormonal disorders   It is also characteristic of organic lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Moreover, in various diseases and the hypothalamus and pituitary tumors may be other consequences. For example, a consequence of the defeat of the hypothalamus can be Cushing's disease - a disease that develops when the body's excess glucocorticoid hormones and male hormones. In this woman's body becomes male shape, fat is distributed mainly in the upper half of the body, on the face and neck, body hair appears on the male type, steroid diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   and so on. The consequence of organic disease of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is often infertility.

The effects of amenorrhea of ​​ovarian origin

The cause of amenorrhea of ​​ovarian origin are hereditary and congenital diseases of the ovaries, ovarian wasting syndrome (Sia) and resistant ovary syndrome (SRYA). In these diseases the ovaries lose their function, therefore, is always a consequence of infertility. But today, these women can be helped to become a mother using a program of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and donor egg.

The consequence of ovarian amenorrhea may also be premature development of menopause with all its symptom, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease and so on. In order to prevent such a development in women with ovarian failure is carried out hormone replacement therapy. At the beginning of the development of ovarian amenorrhea using hormone therapy is sometimes possible to achieve oocyte maturation, ovulation and pregnancy.

The effects of amenorrhea uterine origin

When amenorrhea uterine origin hormonal disturbances in the hypothalamic - pituitary - ovary not. The system is operating normally, but no menstruation because that way there is a leakage of menstrual blood obstacle. It may be some inborn error of buildings genital or acquired disorders due to a disease (eg, tuberculosis endometritis, severe bacterial endometritis) or injury (eg, after abortion, gynecological operation or manipulation).

If such amenorrhea is not treated, then the congestion of blood in the uterus may join the infection and the development of severe endometriosis, which in turn can be complicated by peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum covering the uterus. The consequence of such diseases can be complete infertility.

At the same time just treated uterine amenorrhea Uterine amenorrhea - how and why there   (eg, congenital absence of openings in the hymen) often takes place without any consequences. Of course, if the cause of amenorrhea had tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   or other serious illness, to restore the fertility of women does not always work.

Galina Romanenko