Pantokaltsin - a nootropic drug, which has a positive effect on the metabolism of the brain cells (neurons), protects them from harmful influences (primarily from lack of oxygen) and possesses anticonvulsant effect.

The mechanism of action pantokaltsina

Pantokaltsin (active substance - hopantenic acid) produced domestic pharmaceutical company OJSC "Valenta.Farmatsevtika" in tablets of 250 and 500 mg. Other pharmaceutical companies this drug is sold under the name gopantam, hopantenic acid, calcium salt hopantenic acid, calcium gopantenat, Pantogamum and others.

Hopantenic acid is neuroprotective agent. It has similarities with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA or GABA), and therefore its pharmaceutical effect is similar to GABA. GABA is a biologically active substance which is actively involved in metabolic processes - improves the intake of glucose by neurons Glucose: The energy source And hence increases the amount of energy required for cell metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things . This leads to the activation of all the metabolic processes in neurons and decrease their requirement for oxygen. GABA also increases the inhibitory processes in the brain.

Similarly applies pantokaltsin, it improves metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   in the neurons, their energy saturates reduces their oxygen demand and increases the resistance to various damaging factors restores neuronal function. Pantokaltsin also has analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidizuricescoe (normalizes the function of the bladder at night and daytime incontinence) action. It reduces the excitability of the motor in combination with a simultaneous correction of behavior, improves mental and physical performance, including restoring brain function in patients with chronic alcoholism in the state of hangover and chronic alcohol intoxication.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for use pantokaltsina are:

• cognitive disorders (cognitive) processes in the Organic (in violation of the structure of the brain) lesions of the brain and the neuroses (functional disorders of the nervous system);
• cerebrovascular accidents, developing on the background of atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels, initial forms of senile dementia, residual effects after organic brain damage (in the complex treatment);
• mental illness - schizophrenia (in the complex treatment);
• extrapyramidal hyperkinesis - involuntary (violent) movement caused by the defeat of the brain structures, conditionally united in the extrapyramidal system; Such diseases include Huntington's chorea, hepatolenticular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease and others;
• consequences neyroinfektsy (meningitis, meningoencephalitis) and head injuries (in the complex therapy);
• neutralize the side effects of drugs, actively acting on the central nervous system (neuroleptics)
• epilepsy with mental retardation processes (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• Neuropsychiatric overload, reduced mental and physical performance, concentration and memory;
• day and night incontinence, frequent urination increased;
• mental retardation in children, manifested by a delay of mental, verbal, motor development, or combinations thereof;
• cerebral palsy, stuttering in children, epilepsy (in combined treatment).

Contraindications for use pantokaltsina are severe impaired renal function (acute renal failure), first 12 weeks of pregnancy and idiosyncrasy of components of the drug. Data on the safety of pantokaltsina after 12 weeks of pregnancy and during the feeding of the child Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breasts are not provided by the manufacturer, as clinical studies in this patient population have not been conducted.

Furthermore, the dosage form in tablet form is not applicable for the treatment of children under three years.

Side effects

Pantokaltsin usually transferred normally, but possible side effects when it is used, for example, allergic reactions such as itchy rash, conjunctivitis, runny nose, and so on - it requires discontinuation of treatment.

In addition, sometimes there are insomnia or drowsiness, ringing in the ears - all these phenomena are rapidly and do not require discontinuation of treatment.

Pantokaltsin help improve the cognitive functions of the brain.

Galina Romanenko

Phenibut - a drug that belongs to a group of nootropics. Nootropy activate integrate brain function, stimulate learning, memory and mental performance. The mechanism of activity of these drugs is associated with an increase in the stability of the brain in relation to various injuries, including intoxication and insufficient supply of oxygen.

The mechanism of action phenibut

Phenibut (active substance - gamma-amino-beta fenilbutirovoy acid hydrochloride) - a neuroprotective drugs, which in addition to the characteristic properties of nootropics also has a tranquilizing effect, that is, removes the anxiety, the fear, normalize mood and sleep. Available Phenibutum different pharmaceutical companies in tablets of 250 mg.

The mechanism of action phenibut based on the fact that it improves metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   in brain tissue and brain circulation - this contributes to the improvement of brain activity, including higher brain functions. Furthermore, it directly affects the GABA receptors in the central nervous system by facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses and thus improving, bioenergetic processes in brain tissue (GABA or GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, i.e. exerts tranquilizing action, removing anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease?   anxiety and fear, improves sleep). Phenibut increases the effects of sleeping pills, and has an anticonvulsant effect.

Overall Phenibutum has a general activating at the same time calming effect, improves mental performance, reduces vegetative-vascular disorders (headache, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, "tides" in menopause, and so on), improves attention, memory, ability to perform precise movements. It also has antiplatelet (grouping prevents platelets) and antioxidant (inhibit the toxic effects of free radicals) effect. In diseases of the heart and stomach, related to the violation of the nervous system condition of the patients improved after receiving phenibut. Application phenibut at traumatic brain injuries lead to the restoration of the state of neurons that is not yet dead, but are in the immediate vicinity of the lesion. All these properties are fully manifested after treatment.

Indications and contraindications

Phenibut used in the following diseases and conditions:

• the weakness, decreased performance (asthenia), neurosis with symptoms such as increased anxiety, fear;
• when psychopathy (violations of nature);
• after a traumatic brain injury and stroke;
• stuttering, tics, and bed-wetting in children;
• sleep disturbances and night terrors in the elderly;
• as part of premedication - medical exposure to painful operations and manipulations;
• the pathology of the vestibular apparatus (including after injuries) and related incoordination and trembling limbs;
• for the prevention of motion sickness at sea sickness;
• in certain types of glaucoma (elevated intraocular pressure);
• as part of a cure for a hangover syndrome and alcoholic psychosis on the background of chronic alcoholism.

Application phenibut only contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity of the patient to the drug. With caution it is administered during pregnancy and breast- Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breasted, with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach or intestines, as well as in the human liver.

Side effects and overdose

Phenibut generally well tolerated even with prolonged use. But sometimes the side effects are still there:

• the central nervous system - dizziness, headache, agitation, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Increased anxiety and fears, drowsiness;
• from the gastrointestinal tract - nausea early in the course of treatment;
• of the liver - long-term use dysfunction;
• allergic reactions such as itchy skin rash, urticaria, angioedema.

Overdose phenibut manifested severe drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, severe disorders of the liver, lower blood pressure, kidney damage.

If overdose is suspected, as early as possible is necessary to wash out the stomach, give the patient some tablets of activated charcoal and call an ambulance.

Phenibut - a modern neuroprotective drugs, which also has tranquilizing properties, stimulates the central nervous system and at the same time restores normal sleep. These properties allow you to take him for many diseases.

Galina Romanenko